Selected Extracts for the Illustration of the Paschal Chronicle

I. CALCULATION AND SUM OF TIMES

^A Adam, 230 years. 404 CALCULATION OF TIMES AND SUM. 230 years. Seth, 205 years. Enos, 190 years. Cainan, 170 years. Malaleel, 165 years. Jared, 162 years. Enoch, 165 years. Mathusala, 167 years. Lamech, 188 years. Noe, 500 years. Sem, 190 years. Arphaxad, 135 years. Cainan, 130 years. Sala, 130 years. Heber, 132 years. Phaleg, 130 years. Ragau, 132 years. Seruch, 130 years. Nachor, 270 years. ^B Thara, 70 years. Abraham, 100 years. Isaac, 60 years. Jacob, 85 years. Levi, 47 years. Caath, 62 years. Aram, 75 years. Moyses, 80 years. In the desert, 40 years. Jesus, 52 years. The Elders, 50 years. Chusarsathem, 50 years. Othoniel, 50 years. Æglom, 18 years. Aoth, 50 years. Semegar, 20 years. Jebusæi, 20 years. Debbora, 40 years. Oriph and Ziph, 7 years. ^C Gedeon, 40 years. Abimelech, 3 years. Thola, 22 years. Jaer, 22 years. Ammanitæ, 18 years. Jephte, 6 years. Essebon, 7 years. 405. Ælon, 10 years. Abdon, 8 years. Philistæi, 40 years. Sampson, 20 years. Interregnum and peace, 40 years. Heli the priest, 20 years. Samuel the priest, 20 years. Saul, 40 years. David, 40 years. Salomon, 40 years. Roboam, 17 years. Abia, 3 years. ^D Asa, 41 years. Josaphat, 39 years. Joram, 8 years. Ochozias, 1 year. Gotholia, 7 years. Joas, 40 years. Amasias, 29 years. Ozias, 52 years. Joatham, 16 years. Achaz, 16 years. Ezechias, 29 years. Manasses, 55 years. Amos, 2 years.

Josias, 31 years, 4896 Joachaz, 1 year, 4897 Joachim, 11 years, 4908 Jechonias, 4909 Sedecias, 11 years, 4920 Nabuchodonosor, 24 years, 4944 Valamadarach, 5 years, 4949 Balthasar, 3 years, 4952 Darius and Astyages, 17 years, 4969 Cyrus the Persian and Cambyses, 52 years, 5001 (Cambyses, 8 years, 5009) Darius the Mede, 28 years, 5037 Xerxes, 21 years, 5058 Artaxerxes, 33 years, 5091 Darius, 19 years, 5110 Artaxerxes, 34 years, 5144 Ochus, 21 years, 5165 Arses Ochus, 2 years, 5167 Darius, 6 years, 5173 Alexander the Macedonian, 12 years, 5185 Ptolemy of Egypt, 24 years, 5209 Ptolemy Philadelphus, 30 years, 5239 Ptolemy Evergetes, 25 years, 5264 Ptolemy Philopator, 17 years, 5281 Ptolemy Epiphanes, 25 years, 5304 Ptolemy Philometor, 35 years, 5339 Ptolemy Evergetes, 29 years, 5368 Ptolemy Physconis, 16 years, 5384 Ptolemy Siderites, 9 years, 5393 Ptolemy, who is also Alexander, 3 years, 5396 Ptolemy Soter, 8 years, 5404 Bacchus the Younnger, 28 years, 5432 Cleopatra, 22 years, 5454 C. Julius of the Romans, 4 years, 5458 Caesar Augustus, 57 years, 5515 Tiberius, 22 years, 5537 Gaius, 4 years, 5541 Claudius, 14 years, 5555 Nero, 14 years, 5569 Vespasianus, 10 years, 5579 Titus, 3 years, 5582 Domitianus, 15 years, 5597 Nerva, 1 year, 5598 ^A Trajanus, 18 years, 5616 Adrianus, 21 years, 5637 Aelius Antoninus, 20 years, 5657 Marcus Antoninus, 16 years, 5673 Commodus, 12 years, 5685 Severus, 18 years, 5703 Antonius Caracalla, 7 years, 5710 Antonius alter, 4 years, 5714 Alexander Mameae, 14 years, 5727 Maximinus, 3 years, 5730 Gordianus, 6 years, 5736 Philippus, 6 years, 5742 Decius, 1 year, 5743 Gallus and Volusianus, 2 years, 5745 Valerianus and Galienus, 15 years, 5760 Claudius, 1 year, 5761 Aurelianus, 6 years, 5767 Probus, 7 years, 5774 Carus and Carinus, 2 years, 5776 Diocletianus, 20 years, 5796 Constantinus, 32 years, 5828 Constantius, 22 years, 5852 Julian, 3 years, 5855 Jovianus, 1 year, 5856 Valentinianus, 10 years, 5866 Valens, 4 years, 5870 Theodosius, 16 years, 5886 Arcadius, 14 years, 5900 Theodosius the younger, 42 years, 5949 Marcianus, 6 years, 5948 Leo, 18 years, 5966 Zeno, 17 years, 5983 ^D Anastasius, 27 years, 6010 Justinus, 9 years, 6019

SELECTA AD ILLUSTRATIONEM

^A Justinian Justinian junior Tiberius Mauricius Phocas Heraclius Constantine Constantine Constantine Justinian Leo Tiberius, who is also Apsimar Justinian again Philippicus, who is also Bardanes Artemius, who is also Anastasius Theodosius of Adramyttium Leo, who is also Conon Artavasdus Constantine, son of Leo Leo, son of Constantine Constantine, son of Leo, with his ^B mother Irene Constantine alone Irene, his mother, again Nicephorus Stauracius, son of Nicephorus Michael and Theophylactus Leo the Armenian Michael Theophilus, son of Michael Michael, son of Theophilus, with his mother Theodora Michael alone Michael and Basil Leo and Alexander, his sons Alexander and Constantine Constantine alone Constantine and Romanus

Concerning the six millenary periods, when each of these ^C is completed, and under whom.

I in the year of Jared II in the year of Noah III in the year of Ragau IV in the year of Aoth V in the year of Cyrus the Persian VI in the year of Anastasius

Concerning the eleven periods, each of which consists of 532 years, when and where each one ends.

I in the year of Enos II in the year of Jared III in the year of Lamech IV in the year of Noah V in the year of Heber VI in the year of Nachor VII in the year of Aram VIII in the year of the Philistines IX in the year of Hezekiah X in the year of Philometor XI in the year of the reign of Constantine

II. EXPLANATION OF THE SUBJECT HEADINGS, When, and under whom each occurred.

In the eighty-first year of Moses, the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt took place; also their first Passover in their first month, that is to say, Nisan. It was the year 3827 from Adam. ^D In the twelfth year of Jesus son of Nave, the high priest entered into the land of promise into the Holy of Holies.

1037

tenth day of the seventh month, that is, Tisri. It was the year of Adam 3863. ^A In the twenty-fifth year of the same Jesus, the Jubilee began to be reckoned by the Hebrews, that is, the fiftieth year of the cycle of the world. It was the year of Adam 3886. In the fourth year of the reign of Solomon, the temple in Jerusalem began to be built. It was the year of Adam 4474. In the third year of the reign of Joakim, the first year of the deportation of the children of Israel to Babylon began to be reckoned. It was the year of Adam 4900. In the eleventh year of Cyrus the Persian, the last year of the captivity came to an end, namely the seventieth, which is from Adam 4970. In the third year of the reign of Darius the Mede, the temple in Jerusalem was rebuilt by Jesus, son of Josedec, and Zorobabel, son of Salathiel. It was the year of Adam 5011. ^B In the second year of the reign of Augustus Caesar, the indictions began to be reckoned, and the Roman months were then first devised by them; it was the year of Adam 5460. In his forty-third year, there is born among us the only-begotten Son of the Father, Jesus Christ, who is above us, and by nature for our sake becomes perfect man, who by nature was perfect God in and of Himself. It was the year of Adam 5501. In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius, He is baptized in the Jordan, and bestows the adoption of the Holy Spirit upon those who believe. It was the year of Adam 5530. In the nineteenth year of the same, He comes to the saving passion, bestowing from it impassibility upon our nature. It was the year of Adam 5534. In the twentieth year of the reign of Constantine, the synod at Nicaea took place. It was the year of Adam 5816, and from Christ 316. In the second year of the reign of Theodosius, the synod occurred at Constantinople. It was the year of Adam 5872, and from Christ 372. ^C In the thirteenth year of the reign of Theodosius the younger, the first synod at Ephesus took place. It was the year of Adam 5913, and from Christ 415. In the first year of the reign of Marcian, the council at Chalcedon occurred. It was the year of Adam 5943, and from Christ 443. In the twenty-sixth year of the reign of Justinian, the fifth synod took place. It was the year of Adam 6045, and from Christ 545.

III. ROMAN EMPERORS WHO RULED IN OLD ROME

^D Octavius Augustus. In his time Christ was born; Augustus reigned for 57 years. Tiberius, 22 years. Caius, slain in Rome; he reigned 4 years. Claudius, slain in like manner; he reigned 14 years. Nero, 14 years. Galba, 3 years. Otho, 3 months. Vitellius, 8 months. Vespasian, 10 years. Titus, his son, 2 years. Domitian, his brother, also slain in the palace, 15 years. Nerva, 1 year, 4 months. Trajan, 19 years. Adrian Aelius, 21 years. Antoninus, 23 years. Marcus Aurelius, 19 years.

^A Antoninus and Verus, 12 years. Commodus, slain in the palace, 23 years. Pertinax, slain in the palace. Severus and Antoninus, 25 years. Under his reign, Leonides, the father of the heretic Origen, suffered martyrdom. Antoninus Caracallus, slain, 7 years. Macrinus, slain, 1 year. Another Antoninus, slain in Rome, 4 years. Alexander the son of Mammaea, slain, 13 years. Maximus, who was slain in Aquileia, 3 years. Pompinus with Albinus, 3 months. Gordianus strangled himself in Africa; he reigned 6 years. Philippus, who was slain in the Verian gardens, 7 years. Decius, slain in the forum, 1 year. Gallus and Volusianus, 2 years. Galerianus and Galienus, 15 years. Claudius, 1 year. Aurelianus, 6 years. Tacitus and Florianus, 6 months. Probus, 7 years. Carus, with his sons Carinus and Numerianus, 2 years. Diocletian and Maximian the Herculean, and Maximian Galerius, and Maxentius the son of the Herculean, 29 years. In all, 359 years and 4 months. From the birth of the Lord until the manifestation of the great Constantine, 316 years and 4 months.

And as many orthodox Christian Roman emperors as reigned in Byzantium: Constantine the Great, 32 years. Constantius his son, an Arian, 24 years. Julian the Apostate, 2 years and a half. Jovian, 1 year. Valentinian, 11 years. Valens, an Arian, 14 years. Theodosius the Great and Gratian in Rome, and Valentinian the younger, 16 years. ^C Arcadius, his son, in Rome, 25 years and 3 months. Theodosius, son of Arcadius, with Eudocia his spouse and his sister Pulcheria, 42 years. Marcian, his brother-in-law, with his spouse Pulcheria, built the Chalcopratia and the Blachernae, 7 years. Leo the Great, 17 years. Leo the younger, 1 year. Zeno Azepha, surnamed Agonatos, and his son, 17 years. Anastasius, called Dicorus, 27 years. Justin the First, 9 years. Justinian the First. He built the Great Church, 38 years. Justin the younger, 13 years. Tiberius and Constantine, 4 years. Maurice, 20 years. Phocas, the tyrant of Maurice, 8 years. Heraclius the Monothelite, 31 years. Constantine, his son, 1 year. Constantine his son; under whom the patriarch of the 6th synod was George, 16 years. ^D Justinian, his son, the Rhinotmetus (slit-nosed), 3 years. Leontius, 3 years. Apsimarus, who is also Tiberius, 7 years. Justinian again, the one whose nose was slit for the second time, 6 years. Philippicus, who is also Bardaniscus, 2 years. Artemius, who is also Anastasius, 1 year and 2 months. Theodosius of Adramyttium, 1 year. Leo the iconoclast, the Isaurian, 25 years. Constantine Caballinus the iconoclast, his son, the impious one, 35 years. Leo, his son, born of the Chazar woman, 5 years. Constantine, his son, with Irene his mother; he built the temple of Poseos, 10 years. Constantine himself alone deposed his mother, 7 years. Irene his mother, alone for the second time, 5 years.

Nicephorus, 9 years. ^A Stauracius, his son, 2 months, 10 days. Michael, his kinsman, 2 years. Leo the impious and beast-minded, who was slain in the Lord’s house, or holy temple, 6 and a half years. Michael, another, the Stammerer, 11 years. Theophilus the heretic, 12 years. Michael, his son, with Basil the Macedonian, 15 years. Basil the emperor, 20 years. Leo, with his son Constantine, and Alexander his brother, ... Alexander, Leo's brother, 1 year, 1 month. Constantine, son of the same Leo, Porphyrogenitus, with Nicholas the patriarch, surnamed Longobardus, guardian appointed by Alexander, because Constantine was a boy, 7 years. ... Romanus the elder, who, after... with his sons Christopher, Stephen, and Constantine his son-in-law, Porphyrogenitus, 26 years. ^B Constantine Porphyrogenitus, with his son Romanus, 15 years. Romanus, son of Constantine, with his sons Basil and Constantine, 3 years. Nicephorus, who is also Phocas, with Basil and Constantine, 6 and a half years. Basil, with his brother Constantine, 51 years. Constantine, his brother, 3 years. Romanus Argyrus, 5 years, 5 months. Michael the Younger, the Paphlagonian, 7 years, 8 months. Constantine Monomachus, 12 years, 7 months.

IV. 413 BOOK OF GENERATION FROM ADAM

UP TO THE ORDER WHICH IS CONTAINED IN THIS BOOK.

Enumeration of times and years. Generations of the age up to this day. Division of the earth among the three sons of Noah. Declaration of the nations, which were made from whom, and what lands and cities each obtained by lot: how many famous islands: who from what nations migrated: how many rivers are named: how many mountains are named. How many judges and who judged the people for how many years. How many kings in the tribe of Judah: and who reigned for how many years. Declaration of the Passover, and who observed it, and when, from the times of Moses to this day. Kings of the Persians from Cyrus, and who reigned for how many years. Kings of the Macedonians from Alexander, and who reigned for how many years. Emperors of the Romans from Augustus, and who reigned for how many years. Times of the Olympiads from Adam up to the present Olympiad. Names of the patriarchs and [their] generations. Names of the prophets. Prophetesses. Names of the kings of the Hebrews and of the kings who reigned in Samaria over the ten tribes: and who reigned for how many years. Names of the priests. Names of the bishops of Rome, and who presided for how many years.

Since it is necessary to be instructed in the truth, I have judged it necessary, most dear brothers, to make this brief discourse concerning the holy Scriptures for the strengthening of doctrine, so that through a few expositions, we may more quickly recognize the virtues of the truth, which are not investigated without cause, first cutting away the contention generated by the unlearned, which overshadows the senses, that it may teach the unlearned one of this kind. But desiring with diligence ^C to foresee the sum according to the truth, we acknowledge the division of the nations, and the enumerated generation of the parents. Also the times of the inhabitants, the joining of battles, and the times of the judges, the dispensations, and the years of the kings, and the times of the prophets, and who were born from which kings, and what captivities of the people, under which kings and which judges they occurred, and which priests, under what

times they lived, and what destruction was wrought, ^A and how from then on the generation of the seed of Israel from the Fathers was completed in Christ, and how many are the years counted from the creation of the world down to this day, and how great they are, and for how long. We thought it right, however, starting from Genesis, to declare this according to the showing of the words, as it requires, not from some part of our own, but to testify from the holy Scriptures themselves. Taking the occasion from this, therefore, we make our discourse after the order of Genesis.

Explicit Preface. Incipit the narrative.

BOOK OF THE GENERATION OF MEN

DIVISION OF THE EARTH AND CONCERNING THE THREE SONS OF NOE

The tongues were confused after the deluge. There were seventy-two tongues that were confused, and those who were building the tower were seventy-two nations, which were also divided by languages over the face of the whole earth. Nebrot, however, the giant, son of Chus, an Ethiopian, provided beasts for food to those needing it while hunting in the city.

The seventy-two names are these. The sons of Japhet: Gamer, from whom the Cappadocians... Magog, from whom the Getae and Galatians. Madai, from whom the Medes. Javan, from whom the Greeks and Ionians. Thobel, whence also the Thalienses. Mosoc, whence the Illyrians. Thiras, whence the Thracians. Cethyn, whence the Macedonians. And the sons of Gamer: Ascanaz, from whom the Sarmatians, Rifan, from whom the Sauromatae. Thogorma, from whom the Armenians. And the sons of Javan: Elisan, whence the Sicilians. Tharsis, from whom the Iberians, who are also Tyrrhenians. Cithii, from whom the Romans, who are also Latins, Rhodians: all fifteen, from whom these arose. The islands of the nations are the Cyprians from the Citienses. For we find that from Japhet, and those who are towards the North, are from these very people of that tribe of the Citienses. There are also among them peoples who are in Etiada, beyond those who afterwards came there: the kings who lived in the city which is honored among the Greeks as Athens and the Thebans: since they are inhabitants of the Sidonians, and whoever else are similar, afterwards migrated to Hellada. ^B We know these things, however, from the law and the prophets. There were therefore of Japhet until the confusion of the tower fifteen tribes, and these were the nations of Japhet. They were spread from Media as far as the Western Ocean, reaching as far as the North. Medes, Albanians, Garganians, Arrei, Armenians, Amazons, Culi, Corzieni, Benageni, Cappadocians, Paflagonians, Mariandeni, Tibareni, Chalibes, Mossynnoeci, Colchians, Melanceni, Sarmatians, Sauromatae, Meothes, Scythians, Tauri, Thracians, Bastarnae, Illyrians, Macedonians, Hellenes, Greeks, Libyans, Istri, Vieni, Dauni, Dapies, Calabrians, Pici, Latins, who are also Romans, Tyrrhenians, Gauls who are also Celts, Libyestini, Celtiberians, Iberians, Gauls, Aquitanians, Illyrians, Casanotes, Cyrtani, Lusitanians, Vaccei, Cunienses, Britons who also dwell in the islands. Those of them who know letters are these: Iberians, Latins who are called Romans, Spaniards, Greeks, Armenians. Their borders are towards the North as far as Gadira, from the Potameda river as far as Mastusia-dilion. Their lands are these: Media, Albania, Amazonis, Armenia Minor, Armenia Major, ^C Cappadocia, Paflagonia, Galatia, Collis India, Bosphorma, Mediærris, Sarmatia, Tauriana, Scythiae, Bastarnia, Thracia, Macedonia, Dalmatia Mollis, Thessalia, Locria, Boetia, Betolia, Attica, Achaia, Pellenia, which is called the Peloponnese, Arcanea, Epirotia, Illyria, Aodimus, Hadriace, from which is the Adriatic sea, Calatia, Lusitania. Italia, Thusgene, Massalia, Celtes, Gallia, Hispania, Galli, Hiberia, Hispania Major. Up to here the land of Japhet is defined, as far as the Britannic islands, all looking towards the North. There are also to these islands: the Britannic, Sicilia, Euboea, Rhodus, Chius, Lesbus, Chithera, Iacentus, Cefalenia, Ithace, Corcyra, and the Cyclades islands, and a certain part of Asia, which is called Ionia. The river for these is the Tigris, dividing between Media and Babylonia. These are the borders of Japhet. The sons of Cham, however: Chus, from whom the Ethiopians; Mestraim, from whom the Egyptians. Fud, from whom the Troglodytes. Chanaan, from whom the Africans and Phoenicians. And the sons of Chus: Saba, Evilat, Sabat, Regma, and Sagabacata. The sons of Regma, Saba and Dadan. And Chus begat Nebroth. The lands of the Egyptians, with Mesraim their father, are eight. For it says: 415 Mesraim begat Ludim, whence the Lydians; Enemim, from whom the Pamphylians; Labain, from whom the Laboez; Neptoin and Patrosonim, whence the Cretes; Casluin, whence the Lycians, from whom went out the Philistines, and Capurin, whence the Cilicians. The lands of the Chanaaneans with their father are twelve. For it says: And

^A Chanaam begat Sidon the firstborn, from whom the Sidonians, and the Cheteans, and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, and the Gergesites, and the Aracean, and the Euvean, from whom the Tripolitans, and the Aseneans, and the Aradians, from whom the Aradians, and the Samareans, and the Amathites, from whence are the Amathusians. Their habitation is from Rinocolura as far as Gades. From these are born kings or tribes: Ethiopians, Troglodytes, Aggeans, Isabinians, Icthyophagi, Velannians, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Libyans, Marmaridae, Charisilittae, Mysians, Mossynoeci, Phrygians, Magones, Bithynians, Nomads, Lycinians, Mariandenians, Pamphylians, Minisci, Dipisidenians, Lygallians, Cilicians, Maurosians, Cretans, Magartae, Numidians, Macrones, Nasamonians. These possess the land from Egypt to the Ocean. These are the islands held in common by them: Corsola, Lupadus, Agaudius, Meletae, Cercenna, Menis, Cardinia, Galata, Corsuna, Crete, Gaulus, Rheda, Ethera, Careatus, Astypala, Chios, Lesbos, Tenedos, Imbros, Jassus, Cobus, Cnidos, Nisyrus, Megistae, Cyprus. Among them, those who are literate are the: Phoenicians, Egyptians, Pamphylians, Phrygians. The boundaries of Cham are from Rinocolura, which divides Syria and Egypt, as far as Garira in length. The names of the nations are these: Egypt and Ethiopia which tends toward India, and another Ethiopia, from whence the river of the Ethiopians proceeds, the Erythraean, which is the red [sea] looking toward the rising sun; the Thebaid of Libya, which extends as far as the Syrtes, containing these tribes: Nasamonians, Macae, Tautae. The Libya which extends from Lepti as far as the lesser Syrtis: Numidia, Masseria, Mauretania, which extends as far as the Hercules [straits], which is to say the Heracleotic stars against Gades. ^B It has also to the North, along the sea, Cilicia, Pamphylia, Pisidia, Mysia, Lycaonia, Phrygia, Camalia, Lycia, Caria, Lydia, another Mysia, the Troad, Aeolis, ancient Bithynia, and Upper Phrygia. It possesses also these islands: Sardinia, Crete, Cyprus, and the river Geon, which is called the Nile. It divides between Cham and Japheth, and the mouth of the western sea. This is the middle generation of Cham. Of Sem, the elder son of Noe, there are twenty-five known tribes. These dwelt toward the East. The sons of Sem: Elam, from whom the Elymaeans and Assyrians; and Arphaxad, from whence the Chaldaeans and Lydians, from whom the Lazonians; and Aram, from whom the Ethes (whom Abraham rooted out earlier); and the sons of Aram: Oscevi, from whom the Lydians, and Gart, from whom the Gasfenians, and Mosoc, from whom the Mossynians; and Arphaxad begat Sala, and Sala begat Heber, from whom the Hebrews; and of Heber were born two sons, Phalec and Deboc, from whom is derived the race of Abraham, and Tactem, and Jectan. Jectan begat Elmodal, from whom the Indians; and Salef, from whom the Bactrians, and Asarmot, from whom the earlier Arabs, and Duran, from whom the Camchians; and Derra, from whom the Mardians, and Ezei, from whom the Arrians, and Declam, from whom the Cedrusians, and Gebal, from whom the earlier Scythians, and Abimeel, from whom the Hyrcanians, and Sabat, from whom the first Arabs; and Ufir, from whom the Armenians, and Evilat, from whom the Gymnosophists. All these are Bactrians. All those from the three sons of Noe are in all seventy-two. ^C The habitation of all the sons of Sem is from Bactra as far as Rinocolura, which divides Syria and Egypt, and the Red Sea from the mouth of Arsinoe, which is India. These are the nations made from them: Hebrews who are Jews, Persians, Medes, Phoenicians, Arrians, Hyrcanians, Assyrians, Indians, Macardians, Parthians, Germans, Elymaeans, Cesseans, the first Arabs, Cedrusians, Scythians, Arabians beyond, Wise men who are called Gymnosophists, and naked sages. Their habitation is as far as Rinocolura and Cilicia. Those of them who know letters are these: Jews, Persians, Medes, Chaldaeans, Indians, Assyrians. Their habitation, that is to say of the sons of Sem, is in length indeed from India as far as Rinocolura: but in breadth from Persis and Bactra to India. The names of the nations are these: Persis, Bactriana, Hyrcania, Babylonia, Corbulia, Assyria, Mesopotamia, ancient Arabia, Alimales, India, Happy Arabia [Arabia Eudaimon], Coelesyria, Commagene, and Phoenicia, which belongs to the sons of Sem. The nations who have their own languages are these: Hebrews who are also Jews, Assyrians, Chaldaeans, Persians, Medes, Arabians, Madianites, Adiabenians, Talenians, Alamosennians, Saracens, Magi, Caspians, Albanians, Indians, Ethiopians, Egyptians, Libyans, Cheteans, Canaanites, Pherezites, Euveans, Gergesians, Jebusites, Idumeans, Samaritans, Phoenicians, Syrians, Cilicians, Tharsensians, Cappadocians, Armenians, Hibernians, Libranians, Scythians, Colchians, Sanni, Bosphorans, Asians, Isaurians, Lycaonians, Pisidians, Galatians, Paphlagonians, Phrygians, Achaeans, Thessalians, Macedonians, Thracians, Mysians, Bessians, Dardanians, Sarmatians, ^D Germans, Pannonians, Paeonians, Noricans, Dalmatians, Romans, who are also Latins, Ligurians, Gauls, who are also Celts, Aquitanians, Britons, Spaniards who are also Tyrrhenians, Moors, Baccuatae, and Massennians, Getulians, Africans who are also Barbarians, Mazicians, Garamantians, who are also Marmaridae, who extend as far as Ethiopia. I thought it necessary also to declare the habitations and names of the nations. I will begin from the East: the inhabitants of the Persians and Medes. The Parthians and neighboring tribes dwell as far as Coelesyria. The inhabitants of the Arabs are the Happy Arabians: for they are called by this name. The inhabitants of Happy Arabia are the Mesopotamian Chaldaeans. The inhabitants of the Madianites are the Cynedocolpitae and Troglodytes and Icthyophagi. The Greek nations and their names are five: Ionians, Arcadians, Boeotians, Aeolians, Laconians. Their inhabitants were the Pontians, Bithynians, Trojans, Asians, Carians, Legii, Pamphylians, Cyrineans, and several islands, that is, the ten Cyclades which contain the Myrtoan sea. These are their names: Andros, Tenos, Naxos, Ceos, Gyaros, Delos, Phynus, Renea, Cyrnos, Marathon. There are also others: twelve greater islands, which also possess many cities, which are called the Spodes; in which the Greeks dwelt. These are their names: Euboea, Crete, Sicily, Cyprus, Coos, Samos, Rhodes, Chios, Thapsus, Lemnos, Lesbos, Samothrace. And as Euboea is from Boeotia, so are the sixteen Ionide cities from Ionia. These are: Clazomenae, Mytilene, Phocaea, Priene, Erythrae, Samos, Teos, Colophon, Cius, Ephesus, Smyrna, Berinthus, Byzantium, Chalcedon, Pontus and free Amisos. Of the Romans, who are also the Citiensians, the nations and habitations are these: Tuscans, Aemilians, Picentians, Campanians, Apulians, Lucanians. The African nations and habitations are these: Lebdenians, Cintians, Numidians, Nasamonians, Sacians. And these are the islands which have cities: Sardinia, Corsica, Girda which is also Benigga, Cercyna, Galata. The Moorish nations and habitations are these: Musulanians, Tingitanians, Caesarienses. The Spanish nations and habitations are these: Tyranni and Turreans, who are also Tarraconenses. Lusitanians, Baeticians, Autryconians, Vascones, Callicians, who are also Asturians. There are three islands which pertain to Hispania Tarraconensis, which are called the Balearics. They have these five cities: Ebusus, Palma,

^A Pollentia, which is called Majorica, Tomæne, Magonæ, which is called Minorica.

The inhabitants of these were Canaanites fleeing from the face of Jesus the son of Nave: for even those of Sidon who founded them were themselves Canaanites. But those of Gatis, the Jebusites had founded, and they likewise were fugitives.

The tribes and habitations of the Narbonensian Gauls: the Amaxobii, the Græcosarmatæ.

It was necessary to declare these things to you, lest you be ignorant of the names of unknown nations, and of the nations themselves, and of the manifest rivers.

I shall begin, therefore, to speak of the nations from the East. The Adiabenici and the Taleni against Arabia, the Saracens, other Saracens against the Ataleni against Arabia. The Allani against the Caspian Gates. The greater Midianites, whom Moses conquered, between Mesopotamia and the Red Sea. But lesser Midian is against the Red Sea near Egypt, where Ravel, the father-in-law of Moses, who is also Jothro, reigned.

Against the Cappadocians on the right side of the Armenians, the Iberians, Birrani, Scythians, Colchians, Bosporani, Sani, who are called Sannices, extending to the Pontus, where is Accessus, Absarus, and Sebastopolis, and Ussilimen, which is a port, and the Pasius river, as far as Trapezunt these nations extend.

The mountains are named eleven: Caucasus, Taurus, Atlans, Parnaysus, Citeron, Helicon, Parthenius, Nysa, Lucabantus, Penitus, Olympus, Libanus.

The rivers are great and named forty-one: Inachus which is also Frison, Nilus which is also Geon, Tigris, Euphrates, Jordan, Cephisus, Tanaes, Menos, Erimanthus, Alys, Asopus, Thermodon, Erasinus, Rius, Borysthenes, Alpheus, Taurus, Eurota, Meander, Hermus, Axius, Pyramus, Bajus, Hebron, Sangarius, Achelous, Penitus, Ebenus, Sperchius, Cayster, Simois, Scamander, Strymon, Parthenius, Ister Illurius which is also the Danube, Rhenus, Rhodanus, Betis, Heridanus, Thember which is now called Tiberis.

The tripartite cycle of the three sons of Noah is the divider. And indeed Shem, the firstborn, received the East; Cham, the Mediterranean; Japheth, the West. And having shown the nations, from whom each was created, we shall necessarily run through the years.

Phalec at one hundred and thirty years begat Ragau. ^B Ragau at one hundred and thirty years begat Seruch. Seruch at one hundred and thirty years begat Nachor. Nachor at seventy-nine years begat Tharam. Thara at seventy years begat Abraham. But Abraham was seventy-five years old at the time when God chose him, that he should go forth from his land, and from the house of his father, and come into the land of Canaan.

There are therefore from the division until Abraham came into the land of Canaan five generations, one hundred and ninety-six years; from Adam, four hundred and seventeen generations, three thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven years.

But he lived with the Canaanites twenty-five years, and begat Isaac. Isaac at sixty years begat Jacob. Jacob at eighty-six years begat Levi. Levi at forty years begat Caath. Caath at sixty years begat Amram. Amram at seventy years begat Aaron. In the eighty-third year of Aaron, the children of Israel went forth from Egypt, Moses leading them. There are therefore all the years, four hundred and thirty. In the desert the people spent forty years under Moses. Jesus the son of Nave crossing the Jordan spent twenty-seven years in the land, he waged war for seven years; and after he possessed the land, he lived twenty years. There are therefore, from when Abraham came into the land of Canaan until the death of Jesus the son of Nave, generations to the number of seven, five hundred years; from Adam, generations twenty-seven, one thousand three hundred and eighty-four years.

After the death indeed of Jesus the sinning people were delivered to Cusarsaton, King of Mesopotamia, to whom they served eight years, and when they cried to the Lord, Othniel the brother of Caleb the younger of the tribe of Judah arose, who denounced Cusarsaton, and killed him, and exercised the leadership of the people for thirty-one years.

And again, while they sinned, they were delivered to Eglon king of Moab, and served him eighteen years. But the people having been converted, Aod arose, a man of the tribe of Ephraim, and having killed Eglon, he held the principate over the people for eighty years.

After Aod was dead, the sinning people were delivered to Jabin king of the Canaanites, to whom they served twenty years. Under him Deborah, the wife of Lapidoth, of the tribe of Ephraim, prophesied; ^C and through her Barak Aminone of the tribe of Naphtali held the leadership. He denounced Jabin the king, and killed him, and reigned judging with Deborah for twelve years.

After his death the people sinned, and were delivered to the Midianites for seven years, over whom arose Gideon of the tribe of Manasseh, who with three hundred men destroyed one hundred and twenty thousand enemies. He ruled the people for forty years. His son was Abimelech.

After him Thole, the son of Fale, the son of Caram, of the tribe of Ephraim, was over the people for twenty-three years.

After him, Jair the Gileadite of the tribe of Manasseh judged, and was over them for twenty-two years.

After him, the sinning people were delivered to the Ammonites for eighteen years, and when they had cried to the Lord, Jephthah the Gileadite arose for them as prince, of the tribe of Gad, from the city of Masefath, and held the leadership for six years.

After him, Elon judged for ten years.

After him, Hebron, the son of Allelon of Farathon, of the tribe of Ephraim, judged for eight years.

After him, the sinning people were delivered to the Philistines for forty years.

After these things, the children of Israel having been converted, Samson arose, the son of Manoah, of the tribe of Dan. He defeated the Philistines, and held the principate for twenty years.

After him, Eli the priest judged for twenty years.

After him, the prophet Samuel anointed Saul as king, and he himself judged the people for thirty years.

After a time, when David was reigning, he brought out the ark from the house of Aminadab, and turned aside the calves, and when it was returning, the son of Aminadab, named Ozia, placed his hands [upon it], and he was struck down, and David was afraid, and brought it into the house of Abedar the Gethite, and it was there for three months.

Saul reigned thirty years. There was for him a leader, Abner, the son of Ner. Samuel himself anointed David as king.

There are therefore from Jesus until the time when David began his reign over the tribe of Judah, nine generations, four hundred and eighty years; from Adam, generations thirty-four, one thousand three hundred and sixty-four years.

Subsequently David reigned for forty years and six months. In Hebron he reigned seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem thirty-three years. Under him was the priest Abiathar, the son of Abimelech, of the race of Eli, and from another fatherland, Zadok.

But in the times of David, Gad and Nathan prophesied. But David himself had as general Joab, the son ^D of Sarvia, the sister of David. He numbered the people, and the number was, whom he numbered, of the children of Israel one million one hundred thousand; but of the children of Judah four hundred and seventy thousand. But Levi and Benjamin he did not number. The number of them who fell from Israel was four hundred thousand.

After David, Solomon his son reigns for forty years, and under him still Nathan prophesied, and Achias from Shiloh, and between them Zadok the priest.

After Solomon, Rehoboam his son reigns for seventeen years. Under him the kingdom was divided, and Jeroboam, the servant of Solomon, of the tribe of Ephraim, reigned in Samaria. But Achias the Shilonite and Sameas the son of Elami prophesied under Jeroboam.

After Rehoboam, Abias his son reigns for three years. After Abias, Asaph his son reigns for forty-one years. He in the time of his old age suffered from his feet. But Azarias prophesied under him. After Asaph, his son Josaphat reigns for twenty-five years. Under him prophesied Helias, and Micheas the son of Jemblo.

^A And Abdias the son of Ananias. Under Micheas, however, was also the false prophet Sedecias, son of Chanaan.

After Josaphat, his son Joram reigns for twenty years, and under him prophesies Helias; and after him prophesies Eliseus under Joram’s son Ochozia, under whom the people in Samaria ate their own children and dove’s dung, while Joram reigned in Samaria.

After Joram, his son Ochozias reigned for one year: and under him prophesied Gothol and Labdone.

After him, Gotholia, the mother of Ochozia, reigns for seven years. Arising, she killed the children of her son: for she was of the lineage of Achab, king of Israel; but being the sister of Joram, the wife of Joiada, she hid Joas, the son of Ochozia, to whom the priest Joiada imposed the rule. Eliseus prophesies under Gotholia.

After her, Joas the son of Ochozia reigns for forty years. He killed Zacharias, the son of the priest Joiada.

After Joas, his son Amasias reigned for eight years.

After Amasias, his son Ozias reigns for fifty-two years. He was a leper until he died. His son Joatham judged under him. Under Ozias prophesied Amos, and Isaias his son, and Oseæ the son of Beheri, and Jonas the son of Amathi from Gofer.

After Ozias, his son Joatham reigns for sixteen years. Under him were the prophets Isaias, Osee, Micheas the Morasthite, and Joel the son of Batuel.

After Joatham, his son Achas reigns for fifteen years, and under him the prophets Isaias, Osee, and Micheas. The priest was Urias. Under him, Salmanassar, king of the Assyrians, carried away those who were in Samaria into Media and Babylonia.

After Achas, his son Ezechias reigned for twenty-five years. Under him, the prophets Isaias, Micheas, and Osee.

After Ezechias, his son Manasse for fifty-five years.

After Manasse, his son Amos reigns for two years.

After Amos, his son Josias reigns for thirty-one years. He destroyed the idols and the altar of Samaria. Under him, the Pascha was celebrated in the eighteenth year of his reign. For from the time that Jesus Nave died, the Pascha was not kept as it was then. Under him, Celcias the priest, the father of the prophet Jeremias, found the book of the Law in the sanctuary in the eighteenth year of the reign of Josias. Under him prophecy Oliba the wife of Sellim. By the priest’s garment, and Sofonias, and Jeremias, under whom was the false prophet Ananias.

After Josias, Sofonias reigns for five years and eleven months.

After Sofonias, his son Joachas reigns for four months. Nechao, king of Egypt, bound him and brought him into Egypt, having appointed in his place Eliachim, who was called Joachim, who reigns for eleven years. Under him prophesy Jeremias, and Buzi, and Urias the son of Samace from Cariathiarim. Nabuchodonosor bound this Joachim, king of Juda, with bronze chains and led him into Babylonia.

After Joachim, his son Joachim reigns for three years, and Nabuchodonosor, king of Babylon, leads him away to him in chains, and others with him.

Through him, his brother Joachim is appointed in his place, whose name is Sedecias, who is also Jechonias, and who reigned for eleven years.

In the twelfth year he carried him away to Babylonia, having gouged out his eyes, and led the people with him, except for a few who later went down into Egypt. Under Sedecias prophesy Jeremias and Ambacum; but in the ninth year of his reign, Ezechiel prophesied in Babylonia. After him the prophets Naum and Malachias, and Daniel, who saw concerning the weeks in the first year of King Darius, son of Assuerus, ^D of the seed of the Medes, who reigned over the kingdom of the Chaldeans.

In the first year of his reign, Cyrus allowed the people to return to Jerusalem. At that same time, when he had built the temple, prophesy together Aggeus and Zacharias. After them, Neemias the son of Acheli, of the seed of Israel, built the city of Jerusalem, when it was the years of King Artaxerxes: and after him, the second was Mardochæus.

Thus, from David to the transmigration of Sedechiæ, who is also Jeconiæ, there are eighteen generations, four hundred and seventy-seven years and nine months; but from Adam to the Babylonian transmigration under Jechonia, there are fifty-one generations, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two years and four months.

And after the Babylonian transmigration, until the generation of Christ, there are fourteen generations, six hundred and sixty years, and from the generation of Christ until the passion there are thirty years, and from the passion until this year, which is the thirteenth year of the empire of Alexander, there are two hundred and six years.

Thus, all the years from Adam until the thirteenth year of the Emperor Alexander total five thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight years.

But to show it in another way, counting not only by the times of the kings, but also from the time when the Pascha was kept, we shall say:

From Adam until the deluge, one thousand two hundred and forty-two years.

From the deluge until the departure of Abraham from his land, one thousand forty-five years.

From then until the Israelites went out of Egypt, led by Moses, when they also celebrated the Pascha, there are four hundred and thirty years.

From the exodus of Egypt until the crossing of the Jordan, when Jesus celebrated the Pascha, there are forty-one years.

Ezechias, after four hundred and sixty-four years, celebrated the Pascha.

After Ezechias, Josias, in the hundred and fourteenth year, celebrated the Pascha.

After Josias, Iestras, after one hundred and eight years, celebrated the Pascha.

After Heszram, until the generation of Christ, after four hundred and forty-two years, the Pascha occurs.

From the generation of Christ, after thirty years, when the Lord suffered, the Pascha is celebrated, for He Himself was the true Pascha.

From the passion of the Lord until the thirteenth year of the reign of the Emperor Alexander Caesar, there are two hundred and six years, during which the Pascha was kept, which is kept by us in commemoration of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Thus, all the years from Adam until this day total five thousand sev- ^B enty-eight years.

KINGS OF THE PERSIANS FROM THE TIME OF CYRUS

Cyrus reigned over the Persians for thirty years. After him, Cambyses for nine years. Smerdius the Magus for eight months. Darius for thirty-six years. Xerxes for twenty-six years. Artaxerxes Longimanus for thirty-six years. Xerxes for sixty days. Sogdianus for seven months. Darius Nothus for eighteen years. Artaxerxes, brother of the younger Cyrus, for sixty-two years. Ocor, who is also Artaxerxes, for twenty-three years and seven months. Arses Nothus for three years. Darius for eleven years. This is he whom Alexander the Macedonian deposed in battle, which was unspeakable.

All the years total two hundred and forty-five years.

After them, the times among the Greeks are already clear from the institution of the Olympiads: for until Alexander the Macedonian there were one hundred and fourteen Olympiads; which make four hundred and fifty-six years from Iphitus who instituted the Olympiads.

From Alexander until Christ, there are eighty Olympiads, which are three hundred and twenty years.

From Christ until the thirteenth year of Alexander, there are fifty-eight Olympiads, which are two hundred and thirty-six years.

All the Olympiads until the thirteenth year thus total...

^A two hundred and fifty-three Olympiads, which are one thousand and twelve years. So far, from the ancient codex of the College of the Society of Jesus in Paris.

NAMES OF CREATURES

NAMES OF THE PROPHETS

NAMES OF THE KINGS

NAMES OF THE PRIESTS

KINGS OF THE MACEDONIANS ACCORDING TO THE ALEXANDRIANS

Ptolemy son of Philadelphus, 38 years. Ptolemy son, Evergetes, 30 years. Ptolemy, son of Evergetes, 25 years. Ptolemy Philopator, 17 years. Ptolemy the brother, 24 years. Ptolemy Fuscus, 2 years. Evergetes, 26 years. Ptolemy Alexus, 20 years. Alexander, brother of Ptolemy Alexus, 18 years. Ptolemy Dionysius, 29 years. Cleopatra the daughter, 25 years. Total amount of years 346. The following are missing from Canisius.

ROMAN EMPERORS. Augustus, 57 years. Tiberius, 22 years, 7 months, 23 days. Caius, 3 years, 9 months. Claudius, 13 years, 1 month, 28 days. Nero, 13 years, 8 months, 28 days. Galba, 5 months, 26 days. Otho, 8 months, 7 days. Vitellius, 9 months, 15 days. Titus, 3 years, 2 months, 6 days. Hadrian, 20 years, 10 months, 27 days. Antoninus Pius, 8 months, 20 days. Marcus, 19 years, 5 months, 12 days. Commodus, 12 years, 8 months, 24 days. Aelius Pertinax, 7 months. Julianus, 2 months, 7 days. Severus, 14 years. Antoninus, surnamed Caracalla, son of Severus, 6 years, 9 months, 2 days. Macrinus, 1 year, 6 days. Antoninus, 6 years, 8 months, 28 days. Alexander, 13 years, 9 days.

HEBREW KINGS. Saul 30 years, David 40 years, Solomon 40 years, Roboam 16 years, Abia 3 years, Asa 41 years, Josafat 25 years. Joram 9 years, ^B Ocosias 1 year, Gotholia the mother 8 years, Joas 40 years, Amessias 38 years, Ozias 58 years, Joatham 16 years, Achas 17 years, Ezechias 39 years, Manasses 55 years, Amos 2 years, Josias 35 years, Joachim brother of Joachaz 11 years, Joachim son of Hemeras 3 years of captivity, Sedecias 11 years, Nabuchodonosor the returner 15 years, Cymaroth the son 11 years, Baldasar the brother 14 years, Darius Assuerus 43 years, Cyrus in the first year. The rest were missing in the manuscript copy.

V.

^A FROM EUSEBIUS' CHRONICLES. After the completion of the 5,500 years from the creation of the world, our Lord arrived, and indeed having been born in the flesh from the holy Virgin Mary, and at the beginning of His thirtieth year, as Saint Luke says, in the month of January, on the third day of the week, twenty-nine years after His manifestation, He was baptized by John. After this, three years of performing miracles were spent, and in the 5,533rd year from the creation of the world [for the sake of our salvation] He was crucified. For having eaten the typical Passover with His disciples, and having introduced the authentic one on the fifth day of the week, which was the 14th day of the moon, and the 21st of the month of March, the 15th indiction, on that very night passing into the 22nd of the same month, He was handed over, and having been crucified, He rose on that same day, the 25th, on the Lord’s day.

^B (ε) From the same, out of the same. These most necessary things having been spoken of in this way, it is worth noting also the year of the creation of the world in which our Lord Jesus Christ, who is above the world, performed in the world the incarnation from the holy Virgin Mary. It was, then, at that time the year 5,500, according to the writing in the sacred archives of the years counted from Adam. For in this year both the annunciation of the holy Virgin took place, and the all-pure birth from her. It was the 13th year of the sun, and the 10th of the moon; and the day of the week for the annunciation was the 2nd, and for the birth the 4th. And thus also...

His divine baptism occurred in the 5130th year; the year was the 14th of the sun, and the 1st of the moon, and it was the 3rd day of the week. Again, His saving passion occurred in the 5134th year; the year was the 5th of the sun, and the 14th of the moon.

Differences in Years and Months

The Romans and Greeks, therefore, have the same beginnings for the months, but differ only in their names. For what is called April by the Romans, for example, is named Xanthicus by the Greeks, and it has the same beginning: for the first day of Xanthicus is by nature the same as the first day of April. But they begin the year differently: the Greeks from September, the Romans from January; and thus Romans and Greeks have the same beginnings for the months, but not the same beginnings for the year.

Again, Greeks, Alexandrians, and Egyptians have the same beginnings for the years, insofar as they begin the year in the same month of Thoth, but not on the same days. For the Greeks have the beginning of the year and the indiction on the first of the month called September by the Romans; but the Alexandrians precede the first of the month of September by three days, that is, on the 29th of the month of August. They also differ regarding the months, in that the Alexandrians assign thirty days to each month, so that their 12 months consist of 360 days, which are 360 days; and they are completed on the 23rd of that same August in each year, and they form another month of five days from the remaining five days, namely the 24th, 423 [sic], 25th, 26th, 27th, and 28th. If it happens to be a quadrennial period, that is, a bissextile year, there are six such epactal days, as they are called among them, and every 4 years, a six-day ^B period.

Indeed, the ancient Egyptians used to assign only 365 days to the year, and not 365 1/4, as the Romans, Greeks, and Alexandrians did, according to the 1460 years. And they also begin the year with the Alexandrians and Greeks, and every 4 years they precede by one day, that is, on the 28th day of the month of August; and thus, by preceding by one day every 4 years, through the aforesaid 1460 years, it is restored. For four times 365 makes 1460.

The year and the months according to the Jews, or according to the divine legislation, differ in both name and fact from the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians. For he conducts the lunar months of 29 days each, and when the 12 are completed in 354 days, he makes, in every third year, the so-called embolismic month, aggregating a thirteenth month of 33 days. And he always has the mid-month of the year, which is called by them Nisan, that is, the 25th of the month of March, which is the first-created day, on which God brought all this from non-existence into being; on it, by the good pleasure of the Father and the cooperation of the Holy Spirit, dwelling in His holy Mother and Virgin, He became incarnate in that same year, and on it He rose from the tomb.

Therefore, let this day be to us always, according to the holy Church of God, the beginning of the year, according to which we also find the holy Pascha falling on a Sunday after the 14th of the moon of this month, which we perform not Judaically, but apostolically, according to the natural and divinely delivered method. Therefore, all who ^{C D} do not say that the first Lord’s Pascha existed in the 5534th year, or among the Hebrews on the 14th of the moon, and on the 23rd of the month of March, the great saving Parasceve of the Passion, and on the 25th of March the Resurrection of the Lord did not then occur—since that is by no means...

not saying that the first Paschal Sunday occurred in the year 5554, nor being able to demonstrate that the 14th of the moon, and the 23rd of the month of March, which fell on the Great Friday of the saving Passion, coincide with the Lord’s Resurrection Sunday on the 25th of the month of March; for since this cannot be shown, their calculations are immediately proven false.

VI. FROM THE HOMILY OF HESYCHIUS ON THE NATIVITY OF CHRIST.

In the 42nd year of the reign of Augustus, on the 25th day of December, on the sixth day of the week, at the sixth hour of the day, our Lord Jesus Christ was incarnate of the holy Virgin Mary, in the year, according to the Antiochenes, from the creation of the world to the birth [and crucifixion] of Christ, 6000. For there are gathered from Adam to Phalec, the son of Eber, 3000 years, and from Phalec to the 42nd year of the reign of Augustus, 2967 years, and furthermore the Savior lived among men for 33 years, so that from Adam to the birth [and crucifixion] of Christ there are completed years 6000. For Phalec, according to the prophecy of Moses, is said to occupy the middle of the time of Christ’s appearance. For just as God created man on the sixth day, who thereafter fell into sin, so also on the sixth day of the millennium He came upon the earth and saved him. For the divine Scripture also indicates this, saying: *A day of the Lord is as a thousand years* (Ps. LXXXIX, 4). Which things Clement, and Theophilus, and Timothy, those most god-fearing chronographers, also set forth, agreeing that in the sixth millennium of years the Lord appeared, according to the number of the six days of the creation of Adam, having rescued the race of men. Others say that the Lord came in the year 5500; but few agree on this, whereas in the 6000th year all accurate writers agree on this matter; but the prophetic voice proves the truth far more, teaching that the Lord was incarnate as man in the 6000th year. ^{A B C}

VII. FROM AN ANONYMOUS AUTHOR, ON THE YEARS OF CHRIST’S NATIVITY AND PASSION.

It must also be noted that Christ, being thirty-three years of age from the time He appeared on earth, was crucified as a man, and this is indubitable to all. Those, therefore, who say that Christ was born according to the flesh in the year 5500, and was consequently crucified in the year 5533, are mistaken and err; and how, clear is the demonstration. For when all these years from the beginning, the 5533 years, are reckoned together and divided into nineteen-year cycles (for so many are the cycles of the moon), the fourth cycle of the moon is found, by admission, in that year, that is, in the year 5533. But the fourth cycle of the moon being altogether in that year, it follows from the most certain paschal calculation that the legal Pascha is found on the 30th day of the month of March and the 15th of the moon, that is to say, on that day. But when Christ suffered the saving passion for us, it was the 23rd of the month of March, and the 14th of the moon, that is, the eve of the legal Pascha, which Christ indeed ate with His disciples one day beforehand, because He was about to suffer death, that is, on the Great Thursday, on the 21st day of the month of March, and the 13th of the moon. Thus, therefore, concerning the time of Christ’s nativity according to His humanity, they are found to be in error who say that in the year 5500 He was ^D

[…] as they err regarding the timing of the legal Paschal computation, and oppose the holy Scriptures and the consequences accepted regarding the Savior’s passion. Those, however, who have recorded the times with greater accuracy and have held equally to the truth, say that the incarnation of the Word of God occurred in the year from the creation of the world 5506, and his saving passion, since it is confessed that he walked upon the earth for thirty-three full years, in the year 5539. Now when the tenth preceding cycle of the moon is found, the Pascha computed in it is found to occur on the 24th of the month of March; for then the moon is seen on a Saturday, and thus the time appears to harmonize with the entire sequence of that period. For on the 23rd of the month of March, in the 14th year of the cycle of the moon, on Friday, Christ our God underwent the saving passion, in the evening, that is to say, of the legal Pascha, and rose on the 25th of the same month of March, clearly after three days from his dying, with all other observable conditions of that time concurring, according to the standard set by the wise Chrysostom regarding the equinox, the full moon, the fall of the first-created man, and all other fixed dates, which the Chrysostom explained more clearly, as we said before, in his own discourse on Pascha, the beginning of which is: "Today, brothers, concerning the dates of Pascha (h)."

VIII. ON THE SEVENTY DISCIPLES OF THE LORD. A COMMENTARY OF DOROTHEUS, BISHOP OF TYRE, AN ANCIENT AND SPIRIT-FILLED MAN, WHO SUFFERED MARTYRDOM IN THE TIMES OF THE EMPERORS LICINIUS AND CONSTANTINE.

This aforementioned celebrated man left behind commentaries in both Roman and Greek; for being of a singular and excellent intellect, he was highly skilled in both languages and many histories. After the death of Diocletian and Licinius, he went to his own diocese and ruled the Church at Tyre until the times of Julian the tyrant. But because Julian did not kill the Christians openly, but in secret through his prefects, Dorotheus went again to the city of Odyssus, where, having been captured by the prefects of Julian and having endured many insults, in deepest old age he yielded up his life in the very tortures for the confession of Christ, being then one hundred and seven years old. Therefore, this great elder left to us ecclesiastical writings, in which he discussed also the seventy disciples of the Savior, and where each of the prophets and apostles finished his life. And he says that first of all were those seventy, of whom very many became bishops in various provinces, of whom also the divine Apostle makes mention in his greetings. Indeed, he indicates that after the resurrection of our Savior from the dead, all these were sent forth and were numbered among the apostles, whose names he recounts in these words: […].

[…]. ^A

1. James, the brother of the Lord, and the first bishop of Jerusalem, appointed by the Lord himself. 2. Cleopas, the cousin of the Lord, and second bishop of Jerusalem, who also saw Him after He had risen from the dead. 3. Matthias, who completed the number of the twelve apostles. 4. Thaddaeus, who carried the epistle to Abgar the toparch in Edessa and healed him of his affliction. 427 5. Ananias, who baptized the holy Paul and later became bishop of Damascus. 6. Stephen, the first martyr, who was chosen by the twelve apostles for the diaconate. 7. Philip, one of the seven, who baptized Simon and the eunuch, and became bishop of Tralles in Asia. 8. Prochorus, one of the seven, who became bishop of Nicomedia in Bithynia. 9. Nicanor, one of the seven, who died on the same day that the holy Stephen died along with two thousand others who believed in Christ. 10. Timon, one of the seven, who became bishop of Bostra in Arabia and was burned to death by the Gentiles. 11. Parmenas, one of the seven, who died in his diaconate before the eyes of the apostles. 12. Nicolaus, one of the seven, who became bishop of Samaria and fell into heterodoxy along with Simon. 13. Barnabas, who served the word with Paul, first preached Christ in Rome, and later became bishop of Mediolanum (Milan). 14. Mark, who was ordained bishop of Alexandria by the apostle Peter and is also an evangelist. 15. Silas, who served the word with Paul and became bishop of Corinth. 16. Luke, who preached the Gospel with Paul through all the earth. ^{B C} 17. Silvanus, who served the word with Paul, became bishop of Thessalonica. 18. Crescens, whom the Apostle mentions in his second epistle to Timothy, who became bishop of Chalcedon in Gaul. 19. Epaenetus, whom the Apostle mentions in the epistle to the Romans, who became bishop of Carthage. 20. Andronicus, whom the Apostle mentions in the epistle to the Romans, who became bishop of Spain. 21. Amplias, whom he also mentions in the epistle to the Romans, who became bishop of Odyssus. 22. Urbanus, whom he also mentions in the epistle to the Romans, who became bishop of Macedonia. 23. Stachys, whom he also mentions in the epistle to the Romans, and whom the apostle Andrew, while sailing the Pontic sea, appointed as bishop of Byzantium in the town of Argyropolis in Thrace. 428 24. Apelles, whom the Apostle also mentions in the epistle to the Romans, who became bishop of Heraclea. 25. Phugellus, who followed the thinking of Simon and became bishop of Ephesus. 26. Hermogenes, who was also appointed bishop in Megara. 27. Demas, whom the Apostle mentions in the second epistle to Timothy, as having fallen into heterodoxy; Phugellus and Hermogenes embraced his teaching ^D

having abandoned the evangelical word, and at Thessalonica he became a priest of idols, of whom John the Apostle also wrote: "They went out from us, but they were not of us."

28. Apelles, whom the Apostle also mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, and who was bishop of Smyrna before Saint Polycarp. ^A

29. Aristobulus, whom the Apostle also mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, who became bishop of Britain.

30. Narcissus, whom the Apostle also mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, and who became bishop of Athens.

31. Herodion, whom the Apostle also mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, and who became bishop of Patrae.

32. Agabus, who is mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles, and who was deemed worthy of the gift of prophecy. ^B

33. Rufus, whom the Apostle mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, and who also became bishop of Thebes.

34. Asyncritus, who is mentioned in the Epistle to the Romans, and who also became bishop of Hyrcania.

35. Phlegon, whom the Apostle mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, and who also became bishop of Marathon.

36. Hermes, whom the Apostle mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, and who also became bishop of Dalmatia.

37. Patrobas, whom the Apostle mentions, and who became bishop in Puteoli.

38. Hermas, whom the Apostle mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, and who became bishop of Philippopolis.

39. Linus, who became bishop of Rome after Peter the Apostle.

40. Gaius, whom the Apostle mentions, who became bishop of Ephesus after Timothy, the disciple of Paul the Apostle. ^C

41. Philologus, whom the Apostle also mentions, and who became bishop in Sinope, ordained by Andrew the Apostle.

42. Olympas.

43. Rhodion, whom the Apostle also mentions, and who was beheaded in Rome at the same time as Peter the Apostle under Nero.

44. Luke, whom the Apostle mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, and who became bishop in Laodicea of Syria.

45. Jason, whom the Apostle mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, and who became bishop of Tarsus.

46. Sosipater, whom the Apostle mentions in the Epistle to the Romans, and who became bishop of Iconium.

47. Tertius, who wrote the Epistle to the Romans, and who became the second bishop of Iconium. ^D

48. Erastus, whom the Apostle also mentions in the same Epistle, who became treasurer of the Church in Jerusalem and later bishop of Paneas.

49. Quartus, whom the Apostle mentions in the same Epistle, and who became bishop of Berytus.

50. Apollos, whom the Apostle mentions in the Epistle to the Corinthians.

[index: entries preserved]

^A 51. Cephas, whom the Apostle Paul rebuked at Antioch, who also became bishop of Iconium. 52. Sosthenes, whom the Apostle also mentions, who also became bishop of Colophon. 53. Tychicus, whom the Apostle also mentions, who also became bishop of Colophon. 54. Epaphroditus, whom the Apostle also mentions, who also became bishop of Andriaca. 55. Caesar, whom the Apostle also mentions, who became bishop of Dyrrachium. 56. Marinus, the nephew of Barnabas, whom the Apostle also mentions, who also became bishop of Apollonias. 57. Jesus, called Justus, whom the Apostle also mentions in the Acts of the Apostles, who also became bishop at Eleutheropolis. 58. Artemas, whom the Apostle also mentions, who became bishop of Lystra. 59. Clement, whom the Apostle also mentions, saying: "With Clement and the rest of my fellow-workers," who also was the first of the Gentiles and Greeks to believe in Christ, and who afterwards became bishop of Sardica. 60. Onesiphorus, whom the Apostle also mentions, who became bishop of Coronea. 61. Tychicus, whom the Apostle also mentions, who also became the first bishop of Chalcedon in Bithynia. 62. Carpus, whom the Apostle also mentions, who also became bishop of Beroea in Thrace. 63. Evodus, who after Peter the Apostle became bishop at Antioch, whom the Apostle also mentions. ^B 64. Aristarchus, whom the Apostle also mentions, who also became bishop of Apamea in Syria. 65. Mark, also called John, whom Luke mentions in the Acts, who also became bishop of Byblus. 66. Zenas the lawyer, whom the Apostle also mentions, who also became bishop of Diospolis. 67. Philemon, to whom he also wrote an Epistle, who also became bishop of Gaza. 68-70. Aristarchus, and Pudens, and Trophimus. These three, having suffered together with the Apostle in all persecutions, were finally beheaded in Rome along with the same Apostle under the emperor Nero.

These things the thrice-blessed and most fortunate Dorotheus, having been in Rome, left recorded in the Roman language in commentaries; from which we, having gathered notes and translated them into the Greek tongue, have made manifest to all the selection of the seventy disciples, being convinced that it is faithful and true. For indeed the Apostle, writing concerning them, said: "Who also were in Christ before me" (Rom. XVI, 7). And let no one think it incredible that the seventy disciples were converted after the resurrection of Christ from the dead and believed in Him, seeing His resurrection from the dead, which was and is the greatest of all miracles. This great high priest Dorotheus therefore related in his writings that the venerable house of the holy and all-victorious martyr Euphemia ^C in the Petrion was first built by a certain Titus, which Titus, while he was of Byzantium ^D

^A and being perfected there, was buried near the old walls. From the time the Apostle Andrew came to these places, he prepared such a great multitude of Christians to congregate there, that so many could not be found in any other places. For all the teachers of Byzantium, even those who had long suffered many things, having avoided the tyrannical threats through a certain pusillanimity of soul, nonetheless sowed the divine reasoning among those who were from the Gentiles or from Judaism, especially since Titus performed miracles such as those the Savior also performed. ^B Furthermore, while the tyranny of Licinius [(h)] and Diocletian still prevailed, the situation being so, he is slain. And Carus the emperor, and his two sons Carinus and Numerian, having subsequently become tyrants, openly proceeded to the tormenting of Christians, killing up to a thousand of them each day; with whom Adrian, the son of Probus, also exposed himself to death. For while he was in the city of the Nicomedians after the slaughter of Carus, and saw the multitude of Christians being shamelessly destroyed by Licinius, he approached the tribunal and said to Licinius: "Why is the Roman army so shamelessly destroyed? And behold, most of the Romans are occupied by barbarians." Then Licinius said to Adrian: "Are you also a Christian?" Adrian said to him, "Nay, but I pray to be perfected in this confession, rather than to deny Christ." Licinius, having applied many tortures, and also many flatteries and promises by which he might be swayed, as he saw him standing firm in the confession of the Christian faith, seething with anger and spirit, ordered him to be beheaded. ^C When he was put to death in this confession, Metrophanes, who had recently assumed the episcopacy of Byzantium, taking with him the Christian companions, came to Nicomedia, and having secretly taken the relics of the martyr Adrian, he brought them away and deposited them in the first church that had belonged to them, situated near that which is now called Byzantium, in the place they call Argyropolis. There also Titus, who was the first bishop of Constantinople, deposited the relics of Adrian (who suffered martyrdom under Maximian), and of Natalia his wife, and of the others who suffered martyrdom with him; where also the body of Stachys, one of the seventy disciples—whom the Apostle Andrew had established as the first bishop of Byzantium in that selfsame place—had been stored. For Andrew, crossing over into Pontus, had decided to preach Christ to those in Byzantium. But since at that time a man of remarkable cruelty, Zeuxippus, ruled that place, he used to ask all the strangers arriving at Byzantium, before they entered, whether they worshipped Christ, allowing them entry afterward only if they denied Him. ^D But if anyone confessed Christ, he was immediately cast into chains, and then ordered to be thrown into the sea with his hands and feet bound. Upon hearing of such cruelty, Andrew sailing past Byzantium, remained for two years in that part of Thrace which lies adjacent to Byzantium, about a stadium from Argyropolis, gathering there an assembly of men who loved the law and the truth. Having thus collected about two thousand, and having erected an altar to Christ in Argyropolis, and having appointed Stachys as bishop, he moved on to Sinope of Pontus. And after Stachys had spent sixteen years in the episcopacy, Onesimus succeeded him, of whom the Apostle Paul wrote in the Epistle to Philemon. After he had completed fourteen years in that office, Polycarp was appointed bishop of Byzantium for three years; after he was extinguished eighteen years later, Plutarch attained the episcopacy, to whom, after sixteen years had passed, Sedecion was substituted as his successor for nine years; after whom Dio[genes...]

^A in the fifteenth year of his episcopate, remaining therein, he reached his end. After him, Eleutherius [held it] for a period of seven years. After whom, Felix [held it] for the fifth year. And after him, Polycarpus until seventeen years. There, then, the bodies of these were laid in a stone sarcophagus; and the body of Natalia was also laid there, and of Adrian who martyred later. And in another sarcophagus, made straightaway at that time, the relics of the thirteen martyrs were placed. And in a lead sarcophagus, Adrian, the husband of Natalia, was laid by himself, which indeed until this day lie openly in the subterranean cave, where the apostle Andrew had set up the altar.

Now, when a considerable multitude had already gathered of those who had set their hope in Christ, and the tyranny in Byzantium had ceased after the death of Zeuxippus, and those presiding over the church in Argyropolis had become masters of many places, wishing to avoid the vexation of the many and the assault of the Greeks and Jews, they erected another church in the inland parts near Argyropolis, which Constantine the Great, the emperor, later made larger, having marked it out in the shape of a cross, wishing that his own body might also be laid there. But since, thereafter, the affairs of Byzantium increased, those who were with Constantine advised that it was not right for the bodies of emperors to be carried out of the city. For this reason, then, a different place 433 became the tomb for the emperors. And the house that had been built was dedicated to the seven children and the high priest Eleazar, who were steadfast and God-minded in the law, with the place having acquired the ancient name of "the house." For the place had been called "Elaion" [the Olive Grove] from ancient times, which Athenodorus, who became bishop after Polycarp, first began as a prayer house, and having finished his episcopate there in four years; with whom, in his times, Euzoius is established as the eleventh bishop of the present Byzantium, who himself, having presided in the priesthood for six years in their years, left the priesthood to Laurentius. And after he too had completed eleven years and six months, Alypius led the priesthood for thirteen and a half years.

Again, after him, Pertinax became [bishop], having held the priesthood for nineteen years. This Pertinax, having been a Roman senator and a general, and having fallen into an unavoidable sickness, while tarrying in the regions of Thrace, heard that many powers were being performed at Byzantium by the Christians. Coming to the bishop Alypius at the church called the Elaia, and through his intercession and the laying on of his hands having been freed from his pains, he renounced the error of the idols and the eminence of military service, and having been baptized, in his hope in Christ he was persevering with Alypius, having shared in the dignity of the presbyterate, passing each day in tears of contrition, and after the death of Alypius, they chose him as bishop. Being very rich, Pertinax ^C himself again erected a church by the seashore itself in the place called Sycae, naming the house "Eirene" [Peace]; which place the Christians converted into the likeness of a city, having built various and many houses; for which reason, later on, Constantine the ever-venerable honored the place with walls.

After Pertinax, Olympianus was established as bishop in the church called Eirene, having himself presided for eleven years. His successor became Marcus for the thirteenth year; after him, Cyrillianus for sixteen years. After him, Castinus for seven years. Now, in his first year, Constantine erected another church inside Byzantium toward the northern part, where those who had governed Byzantium had been lying, naming the house "of the martyr Euphemia," she having been martyred at that very time. There, then, having finished the remainder of the time of his episcopate, he leaves Titus as his successor, who, ^D

^A having completed thirty-five years and six months, established Dometius, the brother of Probus, as king and successor. And after this man had finished twenty-four years and six months, Probus, the son of Dometius, succeeded to the priesthood until the completion of twelve years; with whom Metrophanes, the brother of Probus and son of Dometius, was established as bishop of Byzantium, remaining in the priesthood for ten years. Under him, Constantine the most pious, having seized Byzantium on account of the battle against Licinius, and being pleased with the dignity of the man and having considered the beauty of the places, became master of the battle against Licinius by the prayers of Metrophanes for a time, and immediately transferred the royal residences of Rome to Byzantium, fortifying it with walls and roofs, and bestowing abundant supplies upon the citizens according to his own name. These things the all-virtuous Dorotheus left recorded in Roman writings, and they were received by us in the consulship of Philoxenus and Probus, when John, the bishop of Rome, came to Constantinople. ^B For having been urged by the archbishop of the city to concelebrate with him at the Nativity of Christ, he refused to do this unless he first, as bishop of the city, should perform the divine service, since Rome had received an episcopate before the city of Constantinople. A disturbance having therefore arisen on this account, the people of Constantinople made the establishment from the writings of the great Dorotheus, showing the episcopate of Constantinople to be older than that of Rome. But John, the bishop of the Romans, asserted that the writing of Dorotheus was true, but said that he ought to be preferred to the bishop of that city because he held the place of the chief of the apostles, and on this account the primacy was conceded to him, but not because the episcopate of Rome existed before that of Constantinople. ^C But dropping down to the final parts of his writing, the holy Dorotheus makes mention also of the twelve apostles, indicating in what places each of them preached Christ, saying:

α'. Peter the apostle, having preached the Gospel in Gaul and in the inland regions of Pontus, and all of Cappadocia and Bithynia, after returning from Antioch, later also went to all of Italy and Rome, where, having been crucified by Nero in that same Rome, he is buried three days before the Kalends of July.

β'. Andrew his brother traveled through the whole coastline of Bithynia and Pontus and Thrace and the Scythians, preaching the Lord. Afterward he went into great Sebastopolis, ^D where the camp called Apsarus is, and the river Phasis, where the interior Ethiopians dwell. He was buried in Patras of Achaia, having been crucified by Aegeates.

γ'. James the son of Zebedee, having traveled through the twelve tribes of Israel, preaching Christ, is put to death by the sword by Herod the tetrarch in Caesarea of Palestine.

δ'. John his brother, who also wrote a Gospel, having preached Christ in Ephesus, is exiled by the emperor Trajan to the island of Patmos on account of the word of Christ. Having undergone this translation, for this reason a report has prevailed that he exists still in the flesh together with Enoch and Elijah.

ε'. Philip the apostle, having preached the Gospel in Phrygia, is buried in Hierapolis with his seven daughters, whom Luke the evangelist mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles.

ς'. Bartholomew the apostle, having preached Christ to the Indians who are also called Happy, and having given to them the Gospel according to Matthew, fell asleep in Carbanopolis of great Armenia.

ζ'. Thomas the apostle, having preached the Gospel of Christ to the Parthians and Medes, and Persians, and Germans, and Bactrians, and Magians, is perfected in a city of India called Calamita.

η'. Matthew the evangelist, having delivered the Gospel in the Hebrew dialect, preaching Christ to the Church in Jerusalem, is perfected in Hierapolis of Syria.

θ'. Judas the son of James, in all of Mesopotamia...

and the region of the Africans, having preached Christ, later in Britain was crucified by them, and having been perfected, is buried there. ^A

10. Simon, surnamed Judas, having preached Christ in Eleutheropolis and from Gaza as far as Egypt, is buried in the city of Ostracina in Egypt, having been crucified under the Emperor Trajan.

11. Matthias, who was numbered among the eleven apostles in place of Judas, having preached Christ in the first Ethiopia, is perfected and buried there.

12. Simon the Zealot, having traversed the whole of Mauritania and the region of the Africans, and having preached Christ, afterward was crucified in Britain at their hands, and having been perfected, is buried there.

These things, collected from Greek and Hebrew writings, Dorotheus has handed down to us in his Latin commentaries; which, indeed, as good and well-received, we have brought together into the public view, so that from this the beginning of the Constantinopolitan ^B episcopate might be clear, and from what family Metrophanes descended. We have also found in the historical writings of the aforementioned divine man Dorotheus that Simon of Cyrene was crucified for Christ; and that Jeremiah, being a priest and prophet, having foreseen by the divine Spirit the captivity of Jerusalem after the death of Josiah, king of Judah, having taken the Mosaic tabernacle and the ark of the covenant, and all the holy things that were therein, and all the vessels which Moses had made, having come to Mount Nebo where Moses himself was buried, found a cave, and there he deposited all things, and he prayed a prayer that they might not be revealed until the consummation of the age. And from then on the place became unknown even to the priests themselves who had deposited them with Jeremiah. Together with these we have also found these things: in the consulship of Galba and Sulla, in that year, due to the cold, Lake Gennesaret being frozen over, the daughter of Herodias was walking for pleasure upon the ice. The ice having broken, her body was swallowed up by the ice which froze over again from above. Herodias, having placed the head of her daughter upon her knees, weeping, confessed that it was on account of her asking for the head of John the Baptist that she suffered this. And Herod himself, who was king of the Jews and tetrarch, died at that time eaten by worms. Pilate succeeded Herod, inasmuch as he was in the eyes of Herod; and his four sons, and Herodias herself, from whom he had them, perished together, consumed by worms. Procopius, therefore, a certain man adorned with the dignity of the presbyterate, excelling in life and speech in piety, and always practiced in all care and experience concerning the Scriptures, and having chanced upon the historical writings of the most holy and blessed bishop and martyr Dorotheus, left all these things to us in writing. Thanks, therefore, to his labors and immortal memory, now and always and unto the ages of ages. Amen. ^C

Prostat in cod. Reg. 11 Mcccccx, fol. 257, a shorter list of the LXX disciples, whose author is said to be Hippolytus, Bishop of Tyre, in the same order as in Dorotheus, from whom we add here some variant readings, so that the reader may lack nothing in these. 11. Bishop of Soli. 15. Luke the Evangelist; these are the 15 from the 70 who were scattered at the word which the Lord said: “Unless one eats my flesh and drinks my blood, he is not worthy of me.” But one through Peter, and another again through Paul, having returned to the Lord, were deemed worthy to preach the Gospel, for which they were martyred, the one consumed by fire, the other crucified upon an olive tree. Apelles. 31. Bishop... of Tarsus. 32. Agabus the prophet. 33. Rufus. 34. Bp. of Hyrcania. 35. Marthon. 36. Mark. 39. Justus, bishop of Eleutheropolis. 58. Artemas. 59. Bp. of Sardania. 69. Spudes.

There is also another series of the same LXX disciples of Christ in the manuscript Chronicle of Symeon Logothetes, in which the same ones are counted as are reckoned by Dorotheus and Hippolytus, though some are omitted and others substituted who are not found in Dorotheus. They are: Priscus, of whom the apostle Paul makes mention in the Second Epistle to Timothy, who became bishop of Chalcis. Cephas, whom the apostle Paul rebuked in Antioch; this one became bishop of Calonia. Ignatius the Theophorus, who became bishop of Antioch, who fought with beasts in Rome under Trajan. Simon, who was compelled to carry the cross of the Lord, who also was crucified for Christ and was perfected.

life. Nathanael the scribe, who said: "Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?" ^A And the names of the apostles were written here in this way. But in the divine Gospels, some copies contain that there were seventy, while others do not only contain that, but also that they struggled valiantly against the false apostles and the other opponents of the right doctrine and preaching of the truth. For this reason, the blessed Paul also calls the seventy disciples of Christ "fellow workers."

Described finally in another Royal codex, sign. MDCCCCLI, fol. 233, is a *Syntagma* of Epiphanius, bishop of Cyprus, concerning the holy apostles, where each of them preached, where they died, and where their holy bodies lie, and in what places. To this *Syntagma* are subjoined the names and bishoprics of the seventy disciples. But since it contains almost nothing else that is not already had in Dorotheus, and in that series of the twelve apostles, and that which is prefixed to the works of Oecumenius, we have decided that that catalog, as well as others we mentioned shortly ago, should be omitted. Subjoined to this very work of Epiphanius in the same codex is another one, perhaps by the same Epiphanius, with this title: *The names of the parents of the twelve apostles, and of Melchizedek*, edited by J. B. Cotelerius in *Constit. apost.*, page 194.

IX. OF THE TWELVE APOSTLES

Petrus and Andreas, brothers, from father Joannes, mother Joanna, fishermen by trade, from the village of Thebaida. ^A Jacobus and Joannes, brothers, from father Zebedæus, mother Hieroclea, they themselves also fishermen. Philippus from father Philisanos, mother Sophia, from the village of Thebaida, a charioteer by profession. Thomas, who is also Didymus, being with a sister named Lysia, from father Diophanes, mother Rhoa, from Antiochia. Bartholomæus from father Sosthenes, mother Urinia, a gardener, or sower of herbs. Thaddæus, who is also Lebbæus, from father Necrefas, mother Selene, an Italian. ^B Jacobus, son of Alphæus, from father Andron, mother Eutychia, from Hierapolis, a stonemason by trade. Matthæus, who is also Levis, a publican by profession, from father Rucus, and mother Chirotheia, from Galilea. Simon Cananites, the one called to the wedding by the Lord, from father Gallion, mother Ammia. Simon, surnamed Zelotes, from Saleim, from father Zenon. Note that Luke called Thaddæus "Judas of James," and Simon the Cananite "Zelotes." Judas Iscariotes.

X. FROM SAINT THEODORET, BISHOP OF CYRUS

Some, being in doubt, were saying: By whom, then, were the apostles baptized? And if they were not baptized, how did they baptize? And if they did not receive the laying on of hands from someone, how could they have laid on hands? Therefore, since they had urged our humility to search into these matters more diligently, we found in the commentaries of Saint Sophronius, among many other things worthy of memory, this too, that He baptized only the holy Peter with His own hands, Peter...

the Lord baptized saint Peter with His own hands, while Peter baptized Andrew, and Andrew baptized James and John. And he [baptized] all the rest of the apostles; and that our Lady the Theotokos was baptized by John and saint Peter. Furthermore, he adds that the Theologian was a kinsman of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh. For Joseph, the spouse of the Theotokos, had from his worldly wife four sons, James, Simon, Jude, and Jose, and three daughters, Esther, Thamar, and Salome, who was named the same as her mother, whom Joseph gave in marriage to Zebedee. With her, Zebedee begat James and John the evangelist, who had three mothers upon earth: namely, Salome, of whom he was born carnally; another, because he was intellectually called Son of Thunder by the Lord; and the third, the holy Theotokos spiritually, according to what was said by the Lord upon the cross: Behold thy mother; and again to the Theotokos: Behold thy son.

XI. 439 FRAGMENT FROM THE CUSPINIAN FASTI, AS A SPECIMEN OF OMITTED ITEMS.

^A An. 266. Augurinus II and Aratinus. Cornutus and Labo. Julus and Mamertinus. Tuscus and Sabinus. Rutilus and Viscellinus III. An. 453. Dexter and Paulus. Cornus II and Rullianus. Corvinus V and Pansa. An. 483. Licinius and Cinna. Cursor II and Maximus. Claudius and Clepsina. Clepsina and Bleso. Gallus and Pictor. An. 688. Lepidus and Tullus. Sulla and Paetus. Caesar and Turinus. Cicero and Antonius. An. 743. Massala and Quirinus. Rubellius and Saturninus. Maximus and Tubero. Aphricanus and Maximus.

^B Drusus and Crispinus. An. 789. ^B Gallienus and Plautius. Proculus and Nigrinus. Julianus and Asprenas. Caesar II and Casianus. ^B Caesar III and Solus. Caesar IV and Saturninus. T. Claudius and Longus. T. Claudius II and Vitellius. Crispus II and Taurus. Venitius and Corvinus. An. 831. Vespasianus II and Titus. Vespasianus III and Nerva. Vespasianus IV and Titus II. Domitianus II and Messalinus. ^C Vespasianus V and Titus III. Vespasianus VI and Titus IV. Vespasianus VII and Titus V. Vespasianus VIII and Domitianus V. Commodus and Priscus. Vespasianus IX and Titus VI.

XII. DESCRIPTION OF THE CONSULS FROM WHICH THEY WERE FIRST ORDAINED.

245. Brutus and Collatinus. 246. Publicola and Lucretius. 247. Publicola II and Publilius. 248. Lartius and Exquillinus. 249. Valerius and Tubero. 250. Publicola III and Lucretius II.

SELECTA AD ILLUSTRATIONEM

430. In these consulships, Papirius Cursor was created dictator, and Drusus was magister equitum. 431. Longus and Ceretanus. 432. Cursor and Rullo. 433. Galbino and Balbino. 434. Cursor II and Philone. 435. Papirius and Gerenus. 436. Venoco and Flaccinus. 437. Barbulo and Bubulcus. 438. Rutilius and Lenas. 439. Cursor III and Lenas II. 440. Samnites and Longus. 441. Cursor IV and Bubulcus II. 442. Maximus and Muso. 443. Bubulcus III and Barbola. 444. Rullo and Rutilius. 445. In these consulships, Cursor was created dictator, and Bubulcus was magister equitum. 446. Muso II and Rullus II. 447. Appius and Graecus and Violens. 448. Remulus and Albinus. 449. Metellus and Minutius. 450. Sempronius and Faberius. 451. Lentulus and Abentius. 452. Dentone and Aemilius. 453. 441. In these consulships, Corvinus was dictator, and Aemilius was magister equitum; they were such for 6 months, then others followed. 454. Corvinus and Pansa. 455. Poetelius and Torquatus. 456. Scipio and Maximus. 457. Rullus III and Muso III. 458. Claudius II and Violens II. 459. Rullus V and Muso V. 460. Metellus and Regulus. 461. Cursor and Maximus. 462. Cursor Gurgites and Braccho. 463. Metellus II and Vulso. 464. Ruffinus and Dentatus. 465. Maximus and Noctua. 466. Cremulus and Albinus. 467. Marcellus and Rutilius. 468. Potitus and Petitus. 469. Lepidus and Caecina. 470. Tatius and Danton. 471. Dolabella and Maximus. 472. Lucius and Papus. 473. Barbula and Philippus. 474. Lebymnus and Caeruntanus. 475. Caveriones and Muso. 476. Licinius and Papus. 477. Rufinus and Bubulcus. 478. Gurgites and Clepyno. 479. Benagus and Lentulus. 480. Benagus II and Merinda. 481. Licinius and Cambia. 482. Cursor and Maximus. 483. Claudius and Clepisnate. 484. Clepsina and Blasius. 485. Gallus Sabinus and Piso. 486. Sempronius Sapiens and Rufus. 487. Regulus and Libo. 488. Fabius and Pictor and Poeta. 489. Maximus and Vitulus. 490. Thendace and Flaccus. 491. Maximus and Crassus. 492. Albinus and Vitulus. ^A 493. Flaccus II and Crassus. 494. Scipio Asina and Duillius. 495. Scipio and Florus. 496. Cataceno and Patrevulo. 497. Regulus and Blaeso. 498. Wisone and Decius. In these consulships, Regulus was suffectus. 499. Paetus and Paulus. 500. Scipio and Calatinus. 501. Capitone and Blaeso. 502. Cotta and Geminus. 503. Metellus and Papus. 504. Regulus II and Wisone. 505. Pulcher and Pulcher. 506. Cotta II and Geminus II. 507. Metellus and Buteone. 508. Crassus and Licinius. 509. Buteone II and Bullus. 510. Torquatus and Blaeso. ^B 511. Fundulus and Gallus Longus. 512. Catulus and Albinus. 513. Torquatus and Cato. 514. Centone and Tuditanus. 515. Tuncius and Falco. 516. Gracchus and Falco. 517. Lentulus and Flaccus. 518. Claudius Lentulus and Varro. 519. Torquatus and Volbo. 520. Albinus and Rogo. 521. Maximus and Machione. 522. Lepidus and Balbulo. 523. Matone and Masone. 524. Balvulo II and Pera. 525. Albinus and Centumalo. 526. Carvilius and Maximus Vero. 527. Flaccus and Regulus. 528. Maximus Messala and Arustius. 529. Papus and Regulus. ^C 530. Torquatus and Papus. In these consulships, Regulus was suffectus. 531. Flamininus and Philone. 532. Scipio and Marcellus. 533. Scipio Nasica and Rufus. 534. Catulus and Philone. 535. Paulus and Salinatore. 536. Scipio and Longus. 537. Geminus and Flamininus. In these consulships, Regulus was suffectus. 538. Paulus II and Varro. 539. Fabius Maximus and Graecus. 540. Fabius Maximus II and Marcellus. 541. Maximus and Gracchus. 542. Pulcher and Flaccus. 543. Galva and Centumalo. 544. Lebymnus and Marcellus. 545. Fabius and Flaccus. 546. Marcellus and Crispino. 547. Nero and Salinatore. ^D 548. Metellus and Philone. 549. Scipio and Crassus Dives. 550. Cethegus and Tuditanus. 551. Caepione and Servilius. 552. Nero and Servilius. 553. Lentulus and Paetus. 554. Galba II and Cotta. 555. Lentulus and Paetus. 556. Flamininus and Paetus. 557. Cethegus and Rufus.

558. Porphyrio and Marcellus. 559. Festus and Flaccus. 560. Scipio Africanus and Longus. 561. Merulla and Hermus. 562. Flaminius and Ahenobarbus. 563. Glabrio and Nasica. 564. Scipio and Laelius. ^A 565. Wulscone and Nobilior. In the place of these consuls, because they were created with a defect, Lentulus and Domitius were appointed. 566. Salinator and Messala. 567. Lepidus and Flaminius. 568. Albinus and Philippus. 569. Pulcher and Tuditanus. 570. Pulcher II and Licinius. 571. Labienus and Marcellus. 572. Pamphilius and Paulus. 573. Cethegus and Pamphilius. 574. Albinus and Piso. 575. Acindynus and Flaccus. 576. Brutus and Wulscone. 577. Pulcher and Gracchus. 578. Scipio and Paeticus. 579. Lepidus II and Scaevola. 580. Albinus and Scaevola. 581. Albinus and Benatis. 582. Lenas and Aelius. 583. Crassus and Longus. 584. Macrinus and Serranus. 585. Philippus and Caepio. 586. Paulus and Crassus. 587. Paetus and Paenus. 588. Gallus and Claudius. 589. Torquatus and Octavius. 590. Torquatus II and Longinus. 591. Gracchus and Talina. 592. Scipio Nasica and Figulus. 593. Messala and Carbo. 594. Gallus and Cethegus. 595. Dolabella and Fulvius Nobilior. 596. Lepidus and Lenas II. 597. Caesar and Horestes. 598. Lentulus and Figulus. 599. Nasica and Marcellus. 600. Opimius and Albinus. 601. Nobilior and Lausus. 602. Marcellus II and Flaccus. 603. Loculus and Albinus. 604. Flaminius and Balbus. 605. Censorinus and Manilius. 606. Albinus and Piso. 607. Scipio Aemilius and Drusus. 608. Lentulus and Numisius. 609. Maximus Aemilius and Manon. 610. Galba and Cotta. 611. Claudius and Metellus. 612. Metellus II and Maximus. 613. Caepio and Rufus. 614. Caepio and Lacrio. 615. Baenate and Piso. 616. Narsica Sabio and Brutus. 617. Lepidus Porcina and Mancinus. 618. Philo and Servilius. 619. Flaccus and Piso. 620. Scipio Africanus and Flaccus. 621. Scaevola and Calpurnius. 622. Lenas and Rutilius. ^B 623. Grassus and Flaccus. 624. Lentulus and Peperna. 625. Tuditanus and Anullus. 626. Octavius and Rufus. 627. Longinus and Cinna. 628. Lepidus and Orestes. 629. Hypsaeus and Flaccus. 630. Longinus and Bulvinus. In the consulship of these began the Jugurthine War. 631. Metellus and Flamininus. 632. Ahenobarbus and Faenius. 633. Opimius and Maximus Aemilius. 634. Manilius and Carbo. 635. Metellus and Cotta. 636. Cato and Marciorega. 637. Metellus Diadumenus and Mutius Scaevola. 638. Geta and Maximus Servilianus. 639. Scaurus and Metellus. 640. Balbus and Cato. 641. Metellus and Carbo. 642. Brutus and Paeon. 643. Nasica Scipio and Bestia Calpurnius. 644. Rufus and Albinus. 645. Metellus Numidicus and Silanus. 646. Sulpicius and Scaurus. 647. Longinus and Marius. 648. Serranus and Caepio. In the consulship of these was born Cicero, on the 8th day before the Kalends of May. 649. Rufus and Mallius. 650. Marius II and Fimbria. 651. Marius III and Orestes. 652. Marius IV and Catulus. 653. Marius V and Aquilius. 654. Marius VI and Flaccus. 655. Antonius and Albinus. 656. Metellus Nepos and Titus Didius. 657. Lentulus and Crassus. ^C 658. Ahenobarbus and Longinus. 659. Crassus and Scaevola. 660. Galba and Ahenobarbus. 661. Flaccus and Herennius. 662. Pulcher and Perperna. 663. Philippus and Caesar. 664. Caesar and Lupus. 665. Strabo and Cato. 666. Sulla and Rufus. 667. Octavius and Cinna. 668. Marius VII and Cinna II. In the consulship of these was born Sallust, on the Kalends of October. 669. Cinna III and Carbo. 670. Carbo II and Scribonius. 671. Scipio and Norbanus. 672. Carbo III and Marius. 673. Diecula and Dolabella. 674. Sulla and Metellus Pius. ^D 675. Vitia and Pulcher, Claudius and Servilius. 682. Gnaeus Lentulus and Gellius. [index: entries preserved]

684. Pompeius and Crassus. 685. Hortensius and Metellus. In these consulships, Virgil was born on the Ides of October. 686. Marcius Rex and Metellus. 687. Piso and Glabrio. 688. Bulcatius and Tullus. 689. Cotta and Torquatus. 690. Lucius Caesar and Figulus. 691. Cicero and Antonius. In these consulships, the Catilinarian War was waged. 692. Silanus and Murena. 695. Piso Frugi and Messalla Niger. 694. Afranius and Metellus Celer. 695. Decius Caesar and Bibulus. 696. Piso and Gabinius. 697. Lentulus and Metellus Nepos. 698. Marcellus and Philippus. 699. Pompeius II and Crassus II. 700. Ahenobarbus and Pulcher. 701. Balbinus and Messalla. 702. Pompeius III and Metellus Scipio. 703. Rufus and Marcellus. 704. Marcellus and Paulus. 705. Lentulus and Marcellus. 706. Caesar and Servilius Isauricus. 707. Galenus and Vatinius. 708. Caesar II and Lepidus. 709. Caesar IV alone. 710. Caesar V and Antonius. See a little below. 711. Pansa and Hirtius. In these consulships, Cicero died on the 4th day before the Kalends of May. 713. Antonius Pietas and Isauricus. In these consulships, the Isaurian War was waged, and Julius Caesar, deceived by the counsel ^A of the senate, is killed in the curia by Cassius and Brutus. After this, Octavianus Caesar is called Augustus. 714. Galbius II and Pollinio. 715. Rufus and Censorinus and Sabinus. 716. Pulcher and Flaccus. In these consulships, Sallust died on the 3rd day before the Ides of May. 717. Agrippa and Gallus. 718. Publicola and Nerva Cocceius. 719. Cornificius and Pompeius Magnus. In these consulships, the war of the fugitives was waged. These are missing in Ponticus. 720. Antonius II and Libo. XXX. In these consulships, Cicero died, killed on the 4th day before the Kalends of May. 721. Octavianus Augustus II and Paulus. 722. Ahenobarbus and Sosius. These are placed out of order below. 725. Octavianus Augustus III and Corbilio. 724. Octavianus IV and Crassus. 725. [XX.] Octavianus V and Pulcher. 726. Octavianus VI and Agrippa. In these consulships, Carthage received freedom from the Roman people. 727. Octavianus VII and Agrippa II. 728. Octavianus VIII and Taurus II. 729. Octavianus IX and Silanus. Celsus and Hiberus. 733. Lollius and Lepidus. 734. Apuleius and Nerva. 735. [XX.] Saturninus and Lucretius Cinna. 736. The two Lentuli. In these consulships, Virgil died on the 11th day before the Kalends of October. Lentulus and Cornelius. Robellius and Saturninus. 744. Africanus and Maximus. [XXX.] Drusus and Crispinus. 747. Censorinus and Gallus. 747. Nero II and Piso II. 748. Balbus and Vetus. 749. Octavianus XII and Sulla. 750. Sabinus and Rufinus. 751. Lentulus and Messalinus. 752. Octavianus XIII and Silanus. In these consulships, Christ was born on the 8th day before the Kalends of January. 753. Lentulus and Piso. 1. Caesar and Lucius Paulus. 2. Vindicius [XL.] and Varus. 3. Lamia and Servilius and Mano. 4. Elius Cato and Saturninus. 5. Magnus Pompeius and Valerius. 6. Lepidus and Arruntius. Caesar and Capito. 7. Graecus and Nerva. 8. Camillus and Quintilianus. 9. Camerinus and Sabinus. 10. Dolabella and Salinus. 11. Lepidus and Taurus. 12. Germanicus Caesar and Capito. 15. [L.] Flaccus and Silanus. 14. The two Sexti, Pompeius Magnus and Apuleius. 15. Brutus and Flaccus. 16. Taurus and Libo. 17. Crassus and Rufus. 18. Tiberius Caesar II and Drusus Germanicus II. 19. Silanus and Balbus. 20. Messala and Gratus. 21. Tiberius Caesar III and Drusus Germanicus III. 22. [LX.] Agrippa and Galba. 25. Pollio and Vetus. ^D 24. Celhego and Varus. 25. Agrippa II and Lentulus Galva. 26. Getulius and Sabinus. 27. Crassus and Piso. 28. Silanus and Nerva. 29. Rufus and Rubellio (I). In these consulships, Christ suffered on the tenth, having taught for three years after his baptism, to which he came in the thirtieth year of his age, as in the reign of Tiberius, the Gospel of John teaches that the Lord Savior... [index: entries preserved]

the Kalends of April, and he rose again on the sixth day before the Kalends of the same month. ^A 91. Glabrio and Trajan. 92. [CXXX.] Domitian for the 13th time, and Sturninus. 93. Pompeianus and Priscianus. 94. Asprenas and Lateranus. 95. Domitian for the 14th time, and Clemens. 96. Valens and Vetus. In those consulships, Domitian died in the Palatium at Rome. 97. Nerva for the 3rd time, and Rufus for the 3rd time. 98. Nerva for the 4th time, and Trajan for the 2nd time. 99. Palma and Senecio. 100. Trajan for the 3rd time, and Pontinus. 101. Trajan for the 4th time, and Paetus. 102. [CXL.] Severianus and Sura. 103. Trajan for the 5th time, and Maximus. 104. Suburanus and Marcellus. 105. Candidus for the 2nd time, and Quadratus. 106. Commodus and Cerealis. 107. Sura for the 3rd time, and Senecio for the 2nd time. ^B 108. Gallus and Bradua. 109. Palma for the 2nd time, and Tullus. 110. Orfitus and Priscianus. 111. Piso and Julianus. 112. [CL.] Trajan for the 6th time, and Africanus. In those consulships, a persecution of the Christians occurred. 113. Celsus for the 2nd time, and Priscianus for the 2nd time. 114. Malsa and Volsius. 115. Messala and Pedo. 116. Aelianus and Vetus. 117. Apronianus and Niger. 118. Hadrian and Salinator. 119. Hadrian for the 4th time, and Rusticus. 120. Salverus for the 2nd time, and Fulgo. 121. Verus for the 2nd time, and Augur. 122. [CLX.] Aviola and Pansa. 123. Apronianus and Paetinus. 124. Glabrio and Torquatus. 125. Asiaticus and Aquilinus. 126. Verus for the 3rd time, and Ambigulus. 127. Titianus and Gallicanus. ^C 445 128. Torquatus and Libo. 129. Marcellus and Celsus. 130. Catullinus and Libo. 131. Pontianus and Rufus. 132. [CLXX.] Augurianus and Sergianus. 133. Hiberus and Sisenna. 134. Severus for the 3rd time, and Varus. 135. Pontianus and Aquilinus Rufus. 136. Commodus and Pompeianus. 137. Caesar for the 2nd time, and Balbinus. 138. Camerinus and Niger. 139. Antoninus for the 2nd time, and Praesens. 140. Antoninus for the 3rd time, and Aurelius. 141. Severus and Silvanus. 142. [CLXXX.] Rufus and Quadratus. 143. Torquatus and Aedorus. 144. Avitus and Maximus. 145. Antoninus for the 4th time, and Aurelius for the 2nd time. ^D 146. Clarus and Severus. 147. Largus and Messalinus. 148. Torquatus and Julianus. 149. Orfitus and Priscus. 150. Glabrio and Vetus. 151. Gordianus and Maximus. 152. [CXC.] Glabrio for the 2nd time, and Humillius. 153. Praesens and Rufinus. 154. Commodus and Lateranus. 155. Severus and Sabinianus. 156. Silvanus and Augurinus.

It is written here: in this place, due to the consuls, there is an error of years, unless the calculation of the consuls extends to the third order regarding Rufus and Rebellion.

157. Barbato and Regulo. 158. Tullo and Sacerdote. 159. Quintillo and Prisco. 160. Bradua and Vero. 161. Antonino V and Aurelio Caes. the two Augusti. Under these consuls, during the persecution that arose, Polycarp and Pionius suffered. 162. [[CC.]] Rufino and Aquilino. 163. Aeliano and Pastore. 164. Macrino and Celso. 165. Orfito and Prudente. 166. Pudente and Pollione. 167. Vero III and Quadrato. In the Chronicle it is read that they suffered under these consuls. 168. Aproniano and Paulo. 169. Prisco and Apollinare. 170. Cethego and Claro. 171. Severo and Herenniano. 172. [[CCX.]] Orfito and Maximo. 173. Severo II and Pompeiano. 174. Gallo and Flacco. Under these consuls, the records of debts in the Roman forum burned for thirty days. 175. Pisone and Juliano. 176. Pollione and Apro. 177. Commodo and Quintillo. 178. Orfito and Rufo. 179. Commodo II and Vero. 180. Praesente and Condiano. 181. Commodo III and Byrro. 182. [[CCXX.]] Mamertino and Rufo. 183. Commodo IV and Victorino. 184. Marullo and Aeliano. 185. Materno and Bradua. 186. Commodo V and Glabrione. 187. Crispino and Aeliano. 188. Fusciano and Silano. 189. Duobus Silanis. 190. Commodo VI and Septimiano. 191. Aproniano and Bradua. 192. [[CCXXX.]] Commodo VII and Pertinace. 193. Flaccone and Claro. 194. Severo II and Albino. 195. Tertullo and Clemente. 196. Dextro and Prisco. 197. Laterano and Rufino. 198. Saturnino and Gallo. 199. Annullino and Frontone. 200. Severo III and Victorino. 201. Muciano and Fabiano. 202. [[CCXL.]] Severo III and Antonino. 203. Plautiano II and Geta. 204. Chilone and Libone. 205. Antonino II and Geta II. 206. Albino and Aemiliano. 207. Apro and Maximo. 208. Antonino III and Geta III. 209. Pompeiano and Avito. 210. Faustino and Rufino. 211. Gentiano and Basso. 212. [[CCL.]] Duobus Aspris. 213. Antonino IV and Balbino. 214. Messala and Sabino. 215. Laeto and Ceriale. 216. Sabino and Annullino. 217. Praesente and Extricato. 218. Antonino and Advento. Under these consuls, the instruments of debts in the Roman forum burned for thirty days. 219. Antonino II and Sacerdote. 220. Antonino III and Comazonte. 221. Grato and Selenco. 222. [[CCLX.]] Antonino IV and Alexandro. 223. Maximo II and Aeliano. 224. Fabiano and Crispino. 225. Fusciano and Dextro. 226. Alexandro II and Marcello. 227. Albino and Maximo. 228. Modesto and Probo. 229. ^A Alexandro III and Dione. 230. Agricola and Clemente. 231. Pompeiano and Pelagiano. 232. [[CCLXX.]] Lupo and Maximo. 233. Maximo II and Paterno. 234. Maximo II and Urbano. 235. Severo and Quintiano. 236. Maximo III and Africano. 237. Perpetuo and Corneliano. 238. Pio and Pontiano. 239. Gordiano and Aviola. 240. Albino and Venusto. 241. Gordiano II and Pompeiano. 242. [[CCLXXX.]] Attico and Praetextato. 243. Arriano and Papo. 244. Peregrino and Aemiliano. 245. Philippo and Titiano. 246. Praesente and Albino. 247. Philippo II and Philippo. 248. ^B Philippo III and Philippo II. Under these consuls, the persecution of the Christians. 249. Aemiliano and Aquiliano. 250. Decio II and Grato. 251. Decio III and Decio Cesare. Under these consuls, Cyprian suffered on the eighteenth day before the Kalends of October. 252. [[CCXC.]] Gallo II and Volusiano. 253. Volusiano II and Maximo. 254. Valeriano II and Gallieno. 255. Valeriano III and Gallieno II. 256. Maximo and Glabrione. 257. Valeriano IV and Gallieno III. 258. Tusco and Basso. Under these consuls, many enemies invaded the Roman territory. 259. Aemiliano and Basso. 260. Seculare and Donato. 261. Gallieno IV and Volusiano. 262. [[CC.]] Gallieno V and Faustiniano. 263. ^C Albino and Dextro. Under these consuls, Valerian was captured in Persia. 264. Gallieno VI and Saturnino. 265. Valeriano V and Lucillo. 266. Gallieno VII and Sabinillo. 267. Paterno and Arcesilao. 268. Paterno II and Mariniano. 269. Claudio and Paterno. Under these consuls, the Goths were defeated by Claudius. 270. Antiochiano and Orfito. Under these consuls, Aurelian was raised as emperor. 271. Aureliano and Basso. Under these consuls, the walls of the city began to be built. 272. [[CCCX.]] Quieto and Valdumiano. 273. Tacito and Placidiano. 274. Aureliano II and Capitolino. 275. Aureliano III and Marcellino. Under these consuls, Aurelian the emperor was killed at Caenofrurium, and after some days... Tacitus was raised in Rome. 276. ^D Tacito II and Aemiliano. Under these consuls, Tacitus was killed at Tyana. 277. Probo and Paulino. Under these consuls, Probus was killed at Sirmium. 278. Probo II and Lupo. 279. Probo III and Paterno. 280. Messala and Grato. 281. Probo IV and Tiberiano. 282. [[CCCXX.]] Probo V and Victorino. 283. Caro and Carino. Under these consuls, there was a great famine. 284. Caro II and Numeriano. 285. Diocletiano II and Aristobulo. Under these consuls, Carinus was killed at Margum, who in that same year had proceeded as consul with Aristobulus. 286. Maximo II and Aquilino. Under these consuls, Maximian the elder was raised as emperor on the day of the Kalends of April. 287. Diocletiano III and Maximiano. 288. Maximiano II and Annulino.

289. Basso and Quintiano. 290. Diocletiano IV and Maximiano III. 291. Tiberiano and Dione. Under these consuls, there was darkness during the day; and in that year Constantius and Maximian were raised [as] Caesars on the day of the Kalends of March. 292. [CCCXXX.] Annibaliano and Asclepiodoto. 295. Diocletiano V and Maximiano IV. 294. Constantio and Maximiano. Under these consuls, a camp was made in Sarmatia against the Acinco and Bononia. 295. Fusco and Anulino. Under these consuls, the entire nation of the Carpi surrendered in Romania. 296. Diocletiano VI and Constantio II. 297. Maximiano VI and Maximiano II. Under these consuls, the Persians were defeated. 298. Fausto II and Gallo. 299. Diocletiano VII and Maximiano VI. Under these consuls, the Marcomanni were defeated. 300. Constantio III and Maximiano III. 301. Titiano II and Nepotiano. 302. [CCCXL.] Constantio IV and Maximiano IV. Under these consuls, the emperors ordered there to be cheapness. 303. Diocletiano VIII and Maximiano VII. Under these consuls, the persecution of the Christians [occurred]. 304. Diocletiano IX and Maximiano VIII. Under these consuls, Diocletian and Maximian laid down the purple and became private citizens, and they clothed Severus and Maximinus. For Constantius and Maximian, who had been Caesars, were named Augusti at the same hour on the day of the Kalends of April. 305. Constantio V and Maximiano V. Under these consuls, Constantius died, and afterward Constantine was raised [on] the 6th of the Kalends of August. 306. Constantio VI and Maximiano VI. Under these consuls, which is after the sixth consulship, Severus was killed at Rome. 307. [Decies] and Maximiano. Under these consuls, which is under Maxentius and Romulus, Licinius Carrutus was raised on the 3rd of the Ides of November. 308. Post-Cons. X and the seventh. 309. Year II post-Cons. X and the seventh. Under these consuls, which is under Maxentius II and Romulus II, Maximian the elder was made [emperor] alone. 310. Under these consuls, which is under Maxentius III alone, Maximian the younger died. 311. Maximiano VIII consul. Under these consuls, which is under Maxentius IV alone, Maxentius was defeated and killed at Rome at the Milvian Bridge. Under these consuls, the battle of Cibalae occurred on the 8th of the Ides of October. 312. [CCCL.] Constantino II and Licinio II. 315. 447 Constantino III and Licinio III. 314. Volusiano II and Anniano. 315. Constantino IV and Licinio IV. 316. Sabino and Rufino. Under these consuls, Diocletian died alone on the 3rd of the Nones of December. Under these consuls, three Caesars were raised, Crispus, Licinius, and Constantine on the day of the Kalends of March. 317. Gallicano and Basso. Under these consuls, there was darkness during the day at the ninth hour. 318. Licinio V and Crispo Caesare. Under these consuls, there was darkness during the day at the ninth hour. 319. Constantino V and Licinio Caesare. 320. Constantio VI and Licinio Caesare. 321. Crispo II and Constantino II. 322. [CCCLX.] Probiano and Juliano. 323. Severo and Rufino. ^A 324. Crispo III and Constantino III. Under these consuls, the battle of Adrianople occurred on the 3rd of the Nones of July, and the battle of Chalcedon on the 14th of the Kalends of October, and Constantine Caesar was raised on the 6th of the Ides of November. 325. Paulino and Juliano. Licinius was killed under these consuls. 326. Constantino VII and Constantino Caesare. Crispus was killed under these consuls, and Constantine Augustus issued his vicennalia at Rome. 327. Constantino and Maximo. 328. Januario and Justo. 329. Constantino VIII and Constantino IV. Under these consuls, [the city] was dedicated at Constantinople on the 5th of the Ides of May. 330. Gallicano and Symmacho. 351. Basso and Ablabio. Under these consuls, the Goths were defeated by the Roman army in the lands of the Sarmatians on the 11th of the Kalends of May. 352. [CCCLXX.] Pacatiano and Hilariano. Under these consuls, Constans was raised on the 6th of the Kalends of January. 353. Dalmacio and Zenophilo. Under these consuls, the Sarmatians, the entire nation of slaves, drove their masters into Romania. 354. Optato and Paulino. Under these consuls, Constantine Augustus issued his tricennalia on the 5th of the Kalends of August, and Dalmatius Caesar was raised on the 14th of the Kalends of October. 355. Constantino and Albino. Under these consuls, Constantine Augustus was taken up to the heavenly realms on the 11th of the Kalends of June, and in the same year three Augusti, Constantine, Constantius, and Constans, were named on the 5th of the Ides of September. 336. Nepotiano and Facundo. 337. Feliciano and Titiano. Under these consuls, Constantine Junior was killed. 342. ^B His consuls, a battle was fought against the Frankish nation by Constans Augustus in the Gauls. And in the same year there was an earthquake throughout the East for the whole year except at Antioch. ^C [CCCLXXX.] Constantio III and Constanto II. Under these consuls, the Franks were defeated or settled by Constans Augustus. Tract of Hermogenes. Under these consuls, the Persian war was at night. Under these consuls, Constans was killed in the Gauls by Magnentius, and Magnentius was raised on the 15th of the Kalends of February, and Vetranio at Sirmium on the Kalends of March in that year, and Nepotianus at Rome on the 1st of the Nones of June, and there was a great battle between the Romans and the Magnentians. Under these consuls, the battle of Magnentius occurred at Mursa on the 4th of the Kalends of October, and in that year Vetranio was deposed on the 6th of the Kalends of January, and Constantius Caesar was raised on the Ides of March, and the sign of the Savior appeared in the East on the day of the Kalends of February, moon 28th. Under these consuls, Magnentius killed himself in the Gauls at Lyons on the day of the Ides of August, and Decentius, brother of Magnentius, hanged himself with a noose on the 15th of the Kalends of September. ^D Under these consuls, Constantius Caesar was killed on the island of Flanona.

355. Under these consuls, Julian Caesar was raised on the 7th of the Ides of November. ^A Under these consuls, the relics of the apostle Timothy entered Constantinople on the Kalends of June. Under these consuls, the relics of the holy apostles Andrew and Luke entered Constantinople on the 5th of the Nones of March, and Constantius Augustus entered Rome on the 5th of the Kalends of May, and he issued [the law] 35. Under these consuls, the envoys of the Persians entered Constantinople on the 7th of the Kalends of March. In the same year an earthquake occurred, such that the city of the Nicomedians was leveled to the ground on the 9th of the Kalends of September; and other ^B 150 cities were ravaged in parts. Under these consuls, Gratian, son of the Augustus Valentinian, was born on the 15th of the Kalends of May, and in that same year the prefect of the city, named Honoratus, first processed into Constantinople on the 3rd of the Ides of December.

360. Under these consuls, a church (*Dominicum*) was dedicated in Constantinople on the 15th of the Kalends of March. Under these consuls, Constantius Augustus died at Mopsucrenae on the borders of the province of Cilicia and Phoenicia on the nones of November, and Julian Augustus entered Constantinople on the 3rd of the Ides of December.

363. Under these consuls, Julian Augustus was killed in the Persian war on the 6th of the Kalends of July, and because he became an apostate from God and also a persecutor of the Christians, he was killed, and the most Christian Jovian Augustus was raised on the 5th of the Kalends of July. ^C

364. Under these consuls, Jovian Augustus died at Dadastana on the 11th of the Kalends of March, and Valentinian Augustus was raised at Nicaea on the 5th of the Kalends of March. In the same year Valens Augustus was raised in Constantinople at the 7th milestone, in the tribunal, by his brother Valentinian on the 5th of the Kalends of April.

365. Under these consuls, the sea rose beyond its bounds on the 10th of the Kalends of August, and in the same year a nocturnal thief and public enemy appeared within the city of Constantinople on the 4th of the Kalends of October.

366. Under these consuls, Valentinian the Younger, son of Augustus Valens, was born on the 15th of the Kalends of February, and in the same year the same public enemy and brigand appeared within Salutary Phrygia and was confronted and extinguished in the field of the Inacolienses by Augustus Valens on the 6th of the Kalends of June. Ipso anno Augustus Valentinianus conquered the Alamannic tribe. ^D

367. Under these consuls, in the city of Constantinople, God rained down hail in the manner of stones on the 4th of the Nones of July. And in the same year, Gratian Augustus was raised in Gaul at Amiens in a tribunal by his father, Augustus Valentinian, on the 9th of the Kalends of September.

368. Under these consuls, an earthquake occurred, such that the city of the Nicaeans was leveled to the ground on the 5th of the Ides of October.

369. Under these consuls, the magnificent work of the Constantinopolitan cistern was completed by Domitius Modestus, vir clarissimus, prefect of the city for the second time, which he had begun in his first prefecture. The *agon* was restored by Augustus Valens after 17 years. Under these consuls, there was a great famine in parts of Phrygia, and the holy church where the blessed apostles are placed was dedicated on the 5th of the Ides of April.

373. Under Valentinian IV and Valens IV. Under these consuls, the Carosian baths were dedicated, under the management of the prefect, the vir clarissimus Vindaloniu Magnu. And in the same year Valentinian the Elder died on the 15th of the Kalends of December at the castle of Virgitione, and Valentinian the Younger, Augustus, son of the Augustus Valentinian, was raised by the army in a tribunal on the 10th of the Kalends of December, in the city of Acincum.

376. Valens Augustus V and Valentinian the Younger Augustus. Under these consuls, the Goths were conquered and expelled by the tribe of the Huns, and were received into Romania out of mercy, by the command of Augustus Valens. And in the same year the body of the Augustus Valentinian entered Constantinople on the 5th of the Kalends of January.

377. Under these consuls, the Gothic tribe, who had been received out of mercy, rebelled against the Romans; to suppress them, counts were sent with soldiers, and they fought with the Goths.

378. Valens VI and Valentinian II. Under these consuls, Valens Augustus entered Constantinople from the East on the Kalends of June. And in the same year, Valens Augustus set out from the city to the entrenchment (*fossatum*) on the 3rd of the Ides of June, and a great battle took place between the Romans and the Goths at the 10th milestone from Adrianople, on the 5th of the Ides of August. From that day, Valens Augustus nowhere appeared, and for the whole year throughout the diocese of Thrace, and Scythia, and Moesia, the Goths dwelt together, and they plundered them, and then they came as far as the gates of the city of Constantinople.

379. Under these consuls, Theodosius Augustus was raised by the Augustus Gratian on the 19th of the Kalends of February, in the city of Sirmium. In the same year the Romans engaged in many wars with the Goths. Then victories were announced against the Goths, Alans, and Huns on the 15th of the Kalends of December. [On the margin of the codex, these things are inscribed, which Sirmond omitted: Under these consuls, Theophilus, bishop of Alexandria, writes out the table concerning the observation of Pascha subject below.]

380. Under these consuls, victories of both Augusti were announced. And in the same year Theodosius Augustus entered Constantinople on the 18th of the Kalends of December.

381. Under these consuls, Athanaricus, king of the Goths, entered Constantinople on the Ides of January. In the same month the same Athanaricus died on the 6th of the Kalends of February.

382. Under these consuls, Theodosius Augustus placed the body of the Augustus Valentinian into a sarcophagus on the 10th of the Kalends of March. In the same year the entire Gothic tribe with their king surrendered themselves into Romania on the 5th of the Nones of October.

385. Under these consuls, Arcadius Augustus was raised in Constantinople at the 7th milestone in a tribunal by his father, Theodosius Augustus, on the 17th of the Kalends of February. And in the same year Constantinople entered…

… by the Persian envoys. In the same year, the Most Noble Honorius was born in the purple on the 9th of the Ides of September. ^A Under these consuls, the Greothingi tribe was defeated and conquered, and brought as captives into Romania by our Theodosius and Arcadius, and subsequently, they entered Constantinople with victory and triumph on the 12th of the Ides of October. Under these consuls, Arcadius Augustus celebrated his Quinquennalia in his own right with his father, Theodosius Augustus, with public games and spectacles on the 16th of the Kalends of February. Under these consuls, Cynegius, Prefect of the East, died during his consulship in Constantinople. He had recalled all the provinces, which had been corrupted by the lapse of a long time, to their primitive state; he penetrated as far as Egypt and overturned the idols of the gentiles. For this reason, with the great lamentation of the entire populace of the city, his body was carried to the Apostles' Church on the 19th of the Kalends of April. And after a year, his wife Achantia transported him by land to the Spains. And in the same year, the public enemy, the tyrant Maximus, was killed by Theodosius Augustus at the 11th milestone and at Aquileia on the 28th of the Kalends of August. But also his son Victor was killed a few days later in the Gauls by the count of Theodosius Augustus. Under these consuls, Theodosius Augustus entered the city of Rome with his son Honorius on the day of the Ides of June, and gave a largess to the Romans. Under these consuls, Valentinian the Younger was killed at Vienne, and the tyrant Eugenius raised himself up. Afterward, Theodosius Augustus killed Eugenius. Under these consuls, Theodosius Augustus retreated to Milan. Under these consuls, Gildo was killed. Under these consuls, the temples of the gentiles were demolished, under the counts Jovianus and Gaudentius. Under these consuls, an eclipse of the sun occurred on the day of the Ides of November. Under these consuls, there was a civil war from the 3rd of the Kalends of September. Under these consuls, unity was made between the Catholics and the Donatists. 408. Bassus and Philippus. Under these consuls, the barbarians entered the Spains. ^B Under these consuls, the head of the tyrant Constantine was brought to court on the 18th of the Kalends of October. 412. [CCCCLII.] Honorius IX and Theodosius V. 413. After the consulate of Honorius IX and Theodosius V, Lucius being consul. Under these consuls, Jovianus, Sebastianus, and Salustius were killed, and Heraclianus was removed. 414. Constantius, etc. 415. Honorius X and Theodosius VI. Under these consuls, Saint Stephen, the first martyr, is revealed to the holy priest Lucian, on the 6th day of the week, which was then the 3rd of the Nones of December, in Jerusalem, with the holy John the bishop presiding, and there exist from these deeds letters of the aforementioned priest, and of Saint Avitus, a priest of Braga, who were then residing in Jerusalem. Under these consuls, Saint John, bishop of Jerusalem, who above sends an encyclical letter through the Churches of the whole world, which is extant, concerning the signs and terrors divinely perpetrated. 416. Theodosius VII and Palladius. 417. Honorius XI and Constantius II. 418. Honorius XII and Theodosius VIII. 419. Monaxius and Plinta. 420. Theodosius IX and Constantius III. 421. Agricola and Eustathius. 422. [CCCCLX.] Honorius XIII and Theodosius X. 423. Marinianus and Asclepiodotus. Under these consuls, Honorius Augustus passed away at Ravenna. 424. Castinus and Victor. 425. Theodosius XI and Valentinian Caesar. 426. Theodosius XII and Valentinian II Augustus. 427. Hierius and Ardabur. 428. Felix and Taurus. 429. Florentius and Dionysius. 430. Theodosius XIII and Valentinian III. ^C 431. Bassus and Antiochus. 432. [CCCCLXX.] Aetius and Valerius. 433. Theodosius XIV and Maximus. 434. Aspar and Areobindus. 435. Theodosius XV and Valentinian IV. 436. Isidore and Senator. 437. Aetius II and Sigisvult. 438. Theodosius XVI and Faustus. 439. Theodosius XVII and Festus. 440. Valentinian V and Anatolius. 441. Cyrus, etc. 442. [CCCCLXXX.] Dioscorus. 443. Maximus II and Paterius. 444. Theodosius XVIII and Albinus. 445. Valentinian VI and Aetius. 446. Aetius III. 447. Calepius and Ardabur. 448. Postumianus and Zeno. 449. Asturius and Protogenes. ^D 450. Valentinian VII and Avienus. 451. Adelius and Marcian. 452. [CCCCXC.] Herculanus and Sporacius. 453. Opilio. 454. Aetius IV and Studius. 455. Valentinian VIII and Anthemius. 456. Avitus Augustus, consul. 457. 458. [DCCCC.] Majorian, and one from the East. 459. [CCCCXCVIII.] Majorian Augustus and Areobindus. 460. Magnus and Apollonius. 461. Severianus and one from the East. Under these consuls, Majorian is killed, and Severus is made emperor. 462. [D.] Severus and Leo Augustus. 463. [DII.] Basiliscus and Hermes. 464. Olybrius.

Severus Augustus has died. Anthemius has been made Emperor of Rome. A great army under the leadership of Marcellinus is directed against the Vandals. Thus far the manuscript.

XIII. 451 GREEK FASTI FROM THE YEAR OF CHRIST 138 TO THE YEAR 362. ROMAN CONSULS.

138 Antoninus Pius and Camarinus 139 Antoninus (II) and Praesens 140 Antoninus (III) and Aurelius Caesar 141 Silogus and Severus 142 Rufinus and Quadratus 143 Torquatus and Atticus 144 Maximus and Aouitos 145 Antoninus and Aurelius Caesar (II) 146 Clarus and Claudius 147 Largus and Messalinus 148 Torquatus and Julianus 149 Orfitus and Priscus 150 Gallicanus and Vetus 151 Gordianus and Maximus 152 Galorius and Ummulus 153 Praesens and Rufinus 154 Commodus and Lateranus 155 Sabonus and Severus 156 Julianus and Aurianus 157 Barbarus and Regulus 158 Tertillus and Clementinus 159 Quintillus and Priscus 160 Vralouas and Ornus 161 Antoninus (III) and Verus (II) 162 Rusticius (II) and Aquilinus 163 Coglianus and Pastor 164 Macrinus and Celsus 165 Orfitus and Pudens 166 Pudens and Pollio 167 Lucius (III) and Quadratus 168 Apronianus (II) and Paulus (II) 169 Priscus and Apollinarius 170 Clarus and Cethegus 171 Severus and Herennianus 172 Orfitus and Maximus 173 Severus (II) and Pompeianus (II) 174 Gallus and Flaccus 175 Poson and Julianus 176 Pollio and Aper (II) 177 Commodus and Quintolus 178 Orfitus and Rufus 179 Commodus and Verus 180 Praesens and Condianus 181 Commodus and Burrus 182 Camertinus and Rufus 183 Commodus (I) and Victorinus 184 Marullus and Aelianus 185 Maternus and Braduas 186 Commodus (V) and Gabrio (II) 187 Crispinus and Aelianus 188 Fuscianus (II) and Silanus (II) 189 Silanus and Silanus 190 Commodus (VI) and Septimanus (II) 191 Apronianus and Braduas 192 Commodus (VII) and Pertinax

193 Flaccus and Clarus, 194 Severus (II) and Albinus, 195 Gertillus and Clemens, 196 Dexter (II) and Crispinus, 197 Laternus and Rufinus, 198 Saturnilus and Gallus, 199 Anullinus and Fronto, 200 Severus (III) and Victorinus, 201 Mucianus and Flavianus, 202 Severus (IV) and Antoninus, 203 Septimius Geta and Berus, 204 Chilo (II) and Libo, 205 Antoninus (II) and Geta Caesar, 206 Sabinus and Aemilianus, 207 Apronius and Maximus, 208 Antoninus (III) and Geta (II), 209 Pompeianus and Avitus, 210 Faustus and Rufinus, 211 Gentianus and Bassus, 212 Asper and Asper, 213 Antoninus (IV) and Balbinus, 214 Messala and Sabinus, 215 Laetus and Cerealis, 216 Sabinus (II) and Anullinus, 217 Perses (II) and Euticatus, 218 Oclatinus and Alventius, 219 Sacerdos (II) and Antoninus (II), 220 Valerius and Comazon, 221 Sabinianus and Seleucus, 222 Emperor Alexander and Modestus, 223 Maximus and Aelianus, 224 Julianus and Crispinus, 225 Fuscus (II) and Dextrus, 226 Alexander (II) and Marcellinus, 227 Sabinus and Maximus, 228 Modestus and Probus, 229 Alexander (III) and Dio, 230 Priscillianus and Agricola, 231 Pompeianus and Pelignianus, 232 Lupus and Maximus, 233 Maximus and Paternus, 234 Maximus (II) and Urbanus, 235 Pompeianus and Quintianus, 236 Perpetuus and Africanus, 237 Pius and Cornelianus, 238 Gordianus and Pontianus, 239 Sabinus (II) and Cornelianus, 240 Gordianus (II) and Pompeianus, 241 Atticus and Aviola, 242 Arrianus and Venustus, 243 Petetrinus and Pompeianus, 244 Philip Augustus (II) and Pelectrus, 245 Perses and Pappus, 246 Philip Augustus (II) and Aemilianus, 247 Philip (III) and Philip Augustus, 248 Aemilianus (II) and Philip (II), 249 Decius (II) and Kaulinus, 250 Decius (III) and Gratus, 251 Gallus (II) and Decius, 252 Volusianus (II) and Volusianus, 253 Valerianus and Maximinus, 254 Valerianus (II) and Gallienus (II), 255 Valerianus (III) and Gallienus (III), 256 Maximus and Glabrio, 257 Valerianus (IV) and Gallienus, 258 Tuscus and Bassus, 259 Aemilianus and Bassus, 260 Secularius and Donatus, 261 Gallienus Augustus (IV) and Volusianus, 262 Gallienus (V) and Faustianus, 263 Albinus and Dextrus, 264 Gallienus (VI) and Saturnilus, 265 Valerianus and Lucullus, 266 Gallienus (VII) and Sabinus, 267 Paternus and Arcesilaus, 268 Paternus (II) and Marinianus, 269 Claudius.

270 Claudius Augustus and Paternus, 271 Antiochus (II) and Orfitus, 272 Aurelian Augustus and Bassus, 273 Quintus and Bellumennianus, 275 Aurelian (III) and Marcellinus, 276 Tacitus Augustus and Aemilianus, 277 Probus Augustus and Paulinus, 278 Probus (II) and Lupus, 279 Probus (III) and Paternus, 280 Messala and Gratus, 281 Probus (IV) and Tiberianus, 282 Probus (V) and Victorinus, 283 Carus Augustus and Carinus, 284 Carinus Augustus and Numerianus, 285 Diocletian Augustus and Aristobulus, 286 Maximinus and Aquilinus, 287 Diocletian Augustus and Maximian, 288 Maximinus Augustus and Januarius, 289 Bassus (II) and Quintianus, 290 Diocletian Augustus and Maximinus Augustus, 291 Tiberianus and Dio, 292 Anullinus and Asclepiodotus, 293 Diocletian and Maximian, 294 Constantine Caesar and Maximian Caesar, 295 Tuscus and Anullinus, 296 Diocletian Augustus and Constantine Caesar (VIII), 297 Maximian Augustus (V) and Maximinus Augustus (VI), 298 Eustus (II) and Gallus, 299 Diocletian Augustus (VII) and Maximian Augustus (VI), 300 Constantine Caesar (III) and Maximian Caesar (III), 301 Titianus and Nepotianus, 302 Constantine Caesar (IV) and Maximinus Caesar (IV), 303 Diocletian Augustus (VIII) and Maximinus Augustus (VII), 304 Diocletian (IX) and Maximinus Augustus (V), 305 Constantine Caesar (V) and Maximinus Caesar (V), 306 Constantine Augustus (VI) and Maximinus Augustus (VI), 307 Severus Augustus and Maximian Caesar, 308 Diocletian Augustus (X) and Maximian Augustus (IX), 309 Licinius Augustus (I) and Constantius (I), 310 Andronicus and Probus, 311 Maximian and Maximinus, 312 Constantine (II) and Licinius (II), 313 Constantine (III) and Licinius (III), 314 Volusianus and Anianus, 315 Constantine (IV) and Licinius (IV), 316 Sabinus and Rufinus, 317 Gallicus and Bassus, 318 Licinius (V) and Crispus Caesar, 319 Constantine Augustus (V) and Licinius Caesar, 320 Constantine Augustus (VI) and Constantius Caesar, 321 Crispus Caesar (II) and Constantius Caesar, 322 Probianus and Julianus, 323 Severus and Rufinus, 324 Crispus Caesar and Constantius Caesar, 325 Proclus, or Paulinus, and Julianus, 326 Constantine (VII) and Constantius (I), 327 Constantine and Maximinus, 328 Januarius and Justus, 329 Constantine (VIII) and Constantius (II), 330 Gallicanus and Symmachus, 331 Bassus and Ablabius, 332 Optatus and Paulinus, 333 Dalmatius and Zenophilus, 334 Optatus and Paulinus, 335 Constantius and Albinus, 336 Nepotianus and Facundus, 337 Felicianus and Titianus, 338 Ursus and Polemius,

339 Constantius for the 2nd time, and Constans for the 1st 340 Acindynus and Proclus 341 Marcellinus and Probianus 342 Constantius Augustus for the 3rd time, and Constans Augustus for the 2nd 343 Placitus and Romulus 344 Leontius and Sallustius 345 Amantius and Albinus 346 Constantius for the 4th time, and Constantius for the 3rd 347 Rufinus and Eusebius 348 Philippus and Salias 349 Limenius and Catulinus 350 Sergius and Nigrinianus 350 Constantius Augustus for the 8th time, and Julian Caesar for the 1st 351 For those enumerated 352 Constantius Augustus for the 5th time, and Constantius Caesar 353 Constantius for the 6th time, and Constantius Caesar for the 8th 354 Constantius for the 7th time, and Constantius Caesar for the 3rd 355 Arbitio and Julianus 356 Constantius Augustus for the 8th time, and Julian Caesar for the 1st 357 Constantius Augustus for the 9th time, and Julian Caesar for the 2nd 358 Datianus and Cerealis 359 Eusebius and Hypatius 360 Constantius Augustus for the 10th time, and Julian Caesar for the 3rd 361 Taurus and Florentius 362 Mamertinus and Nevitta 363 Julianus Augustus for the 4th time, and Sallustius 364 Julianus Augustus and Varronianus 365 Valentinianus and Valens Augustus for the 1st 366 Gratianus Most Noble and Dagalaiphus 367 Lupicinus and Jovianus 368 Valentinianus and Valens Augustus for the 2nd 369 Valentinianus and Victor 370 Valentinianus and Valens for the 3rd 371 Gratianus Augustus for the 2nd time, and Probus 372 Modestus and Arentheus

XIV. GREEK FASTI, OTHERS FROM THE VOSSIAN COPY

After the reign of Antoninus.

222 Antoninus for the 4th time and Alexander 223 Maximus for the 4th time and Aelianus 224 Julianus for the 2nd time and Crispinus 225 Fuscus for the 2nd time and Dexter 226 Severus for the 2nd time and Marcellus for the 2nd 227 Albinus for the 2nd time and Maximus 228 Modestus for the 2nd time and Probus 229 Severus and Alex. and Dion for the 2nd time 230 Priscillianus and Agricola 231 Commodus and Pelignianus 232 Lupus and Maximus 233 Maximus and Paternus 234 Maximus for the 2nd time and Urbinus 235 Severus and Musianus 236 Maximus and Afrimianus 237 Perpetuus and Cordinianus 238 Pius and Proclus

A 239 Gordianus and Aviola 240 Sabinus for the 2nd time and Venustus 241 Gordianus for the 2nd time and Pompeianus 242 Atticus and Praetextatus 243 Arianus and Pappus 244 Peregrinus and Aemilianus 245 Philippus Augustus and Titianus 246 Bassus and Albinus 247 Philippus Augustus for the 2nd time and Philippus Caesar 248 Aemilianus for the 2nd time and Aquilinus 249 Decius for the 2nd time and Gratus 251 Decius for the 3rd time and Decius Caesar for the 2nd 252 Gallus for the 2nd time and Volusianus B 253 Volusianus for the 2nd time and Gallus for the 1st 254 Valerianus and Galienus for the 2nd 256 Maximus and Glabrio for the 3rd

^A 257 Valerianus for the 4th time and Gallianus for the 3rd 258 Tuscus and Bassus 259 Aemilianus and Bassus 260 Secullarius for the 2nd time and Donatus 261 Gallienus for the 4th time and Volusianus 262 Gallienus for the 5th time and Faustinianus 263 Albinus for the 2nd time and Dexter 264 Gallienus for the 6th time and Saturninus 265 Valerianus for the 2nd time and Lucius 266 Gallienus for the 7th time and Sabinellus 457 267 Paternus and Arcesilaus 268 Paternus for the 2nd time and Marinianus 269 Claudius Augustus and Paternus 270 Antiochianus for the 2nd time and Orphitus 271 Aurillianus Augustus and Bassus for the 2nd 272 Quintus for the 2nd time and Beldudicianus 273 Taticus and Placidianus 274 Aurillianus for the 2nd time and Capitolinus 275 Aurillianus for the 3rd time and Marcellinus 276 Taticus for the 2nd time and Aemilianus 277 Probus Augustus and Paulinus 278 Probus for the 2nd time and Lupus 279 Probus for the 3rd time and Paternus for the 2nd 280 Messalas and Gratus 281 Probus for the 4th time and Tiberius 282 Probus for the 5th time and Victorinus 283 Carus Augustus and Carinus 284 Carinus for the 2nd time and Numerianus. Thereupon the Epoch of Augustus is omitted.

The years from Philippus to Diocletian for the 2nd time.

285 Diocletian for the 2nd time and Aristobulus 286 Maximus and Aquilinus 287 Diocletian for the 3rd time and Maximianus Augustus 288 Maximianus for the 2nd time and Januarius 289 Tiberius Bassus and Dius and Quintianus 290 Diocletian for the 4th time and Maximianus for the 3rd 291 Tiberianus for the 2nd time and Dius 292 Anullinus and Asclepiodotus 293 Diocletian for the 5th time and Maximianus for the 4th 294 Constantinus Caesar and Maximianus Caesar 295 Tuscus and Anullinus 296 Diocletian for the 6th time and Constantinus for the 2nd 297 Maximianus for the 5th time and Maximianus Caesar for the 2nd 298 Faustus and Gallus ^A 299 Diocletian for the 7th time and Maximianus for the 4th 300 Constantinus Caesar for the 3rd time and Maximianus for the 5th 301 Titianus and Nepotianus 302 Constantinus Caesar for the 4th time and Maximianus Caesar for the 1st 303 Diocletian for the 8th time and Maximianus for the 6th 304 Diocletian for the 9th time and Maximianus for the 7th 305 Constantinus Caesar for the 6th time and Maximianus Caesar for the 5th 538 Ursus and Polemius 539 Constantius for the 2nd time and Constans for the 1st 340 Acindynus and Proclus 341 Gronius and Prorinus 342 Constantius for the 3rd time and Constans for the 2nd 343 Placianus and Romulus 344 Leontius and Sallustius 345 Amantius and Albinus 546 458 Constantius for the 4th time and Constans for the 3rd 347 Rufinus and Eusebius 348 Philippus and Salia 549 Demenius and Catulinus 350 Sergius and Nigreanus 551 Those after the consulship of Sergius and Nigreanus 552 Constantius for the 5th time and Constantius Gallus for the 1st 353 Constantius for the 6th time and Constans for the 2nd 354 Constantius for the 7th time and Constans for the 3rd 355 Arbetio and Lollianus ^C 356 Constantius for the 8th time and Julianus Caesar for the 1st 357 Constantius for the 9th time and Julianus Caesar for the 2nd 358 Datianus and Cerialius 359 Eusebius and Hypatius 360 Constantius for the 10th time and Julianus for the 3rd 361 Taurus and Florentius 362 Mamertinus and Nevitta 363 Julianus for the 4th time and Sallustius 364 Jovianus and Varronianus 365 Valentinianus and Valens for the 2nd 366 Gratianus and Dagalaifus 367 Lupicinus and Jovianus 368 Valentinianus for the 2nd time and Valens for the 2nd ^D 569 Valentinianus and Victor 570 Valentinianus and Valens for the 3rd 571 Gratianus for the 2nd time and Probus 372 Modestus and Arintheus 373 Valentinianus and Valens for the 4th 374 Gratianus for the 3rd time and Equitius 375 Those after the consulship of Gratianus and Equitius 576 Valens for the 5th time and Valentinianus the Younger 577 Gratianus for the 4th time and Merobaudes 578 Valentinianus for the [5th] time and Valentinianus.

^A

379 Ausonius and Olybrius 380 Gratianus for the 2nd time and Theodosius for the 4th 381 Eucherius and Evagrius for the 1st 382 Antoninus and Syagrius for the 5th 383 Merobaudes for the 2nd and Saturninus for the 1st 384 Richomer and Clearchus 385 Arcadius for the 1st and Bauto 386 Honorius the Most Illustrious and Euodius 387 Valentinianus for the 3rd time and Eutropius 388 Theodosius for the 2nd time and Cynegius 389 Timasius and Promotus 390 Valentinianus for the 4th time and Neoterius 391 Tatianus and Symmachus 392 Arcadius for the 2nd time and Rufinus 393 Theodosius for the 3rd time and Abundantius 394 Arcadius for the 3rd time and Honorius for the 2nd 395 Olybrius and Probinus 396 Arcadius for the 4th time and Honorius for the 3rd 459 397 Caesarius and Atticus 398 Honorius for the 4th time and Eutychianus 399 Eutropius and Theodorus 400 Stilicho and Aurelianus 401 Vincentius and Fravitta 402 Arcadius for the 5th time and Honorius for the 5th 403 Theodosius for the 1st time and Rumoridus 404 Honorius for the 6th time and Aristaenetus 405 Stilicho for the 2nd time and Anthemius for the 1st 406 Arcadius for the 6th time and Probus 407 Honorius for the 7th time and Theodosius for the 2nd 408 Bassus and Philippus 409 Honorius for the 8th time and Theodosius for the 3rd 410 Varanus the Illustrious 411 Honorius for the 9th time and Theodosius for the 4th 412 Honorius for the 10th time and Theodosius for the 5th 413 Lucius the Illustrious 414 Constantius and Constans 415 Honorius for the 11th time and Theodosius for the 6th 416 Theodosius for the 6th time and Palladius 417 Honorius for the 12th time and Constantius for the 2nd 418 Honorius for the 13th time and Theodosius for the 8th 419 Monaxius and Plintha 420 Theodosius for the 9th time and Constans for the 3rd 421 Eustathius and Agricola 422 Honorius for the 14th time and Theodosius for the 10th 425 Asclepiodotus and Marinianus 425 Theodosius for the 11th time and Valentinianus Caesar 426 Theodosius for the 12th time and Valentinianus for the 2nd 427 Hierius and Ardabur 428 Felix and Taurus 429 Florentius and Dionysius

450 Theodosius for the 13th time and Valentinianus for the 3rd 431 Antiochus and Bassus 432 Valerius and Aetius 433 Theodosius for the 14th time and Maximus 434 Areobindus and Aspar 435 Theodosius for the 15th time and Valentinianus for the 14th ^B 436 Isidorus and Senator 437 Aetius for the 2nd time and Sigisvultus 438 Theodosius for the 16th time and Faustus 439 Theodosius for the 17th time and Festus 440 Anatolius and Valentinus 441 Cyrus alone 442 Eudoxius and Dioscorus 445 Maximus and Paterius 444 Theodosius for the 18th time and Albinus 445 Valentinianus for the 6th time and Nomus ^C 446 Aetius for the 3rd time and Symmachus 447 Artaburius and Alypius 448 Zeno 460 and Postumianus 449 Protogenes and Asturius 450 Valentinianus and Avienus 451 Marcianus Augustus and Adelphius 452 Sporacius and Herculanus 453 Vincomalus and Opilio 454 Aetius and Studius 455 Valentinianus for the 8th time and Anthemius 456 Varanus and Johannes 457 Constantius and Rufus 458 Leo Augustus alone 460 Apollonius and Magnus 461 Dagalaiphus and Severinus 462 Leo for the 2nd time alone 463 Vivianus alone 464 Rusticius and Olybrius 465 Basiliscus and Armatus 466 Leo for the 3rd time alone 467 Pusaeus and Johannes 468 Anthemius Augustus alone 469 Zeno and Marcianus 470 Jordanus and Severus 471 Leo alone and Probianus 472 Marcianus alone and Festus 473 Leo alone for the 5th 474 Leo the Younger Augustus alone 475 Consul-less 476 Basiliscus Augustus alone and Armatus alone 477 Consul-less 478 Iollus alone ^D 479 Zeno Augustus alone 480 Basiliscus alone 481 Placitus alone 482 Trocondus alone 483 Consul-less 484 Theodoricus alone 461 485 Symmachus alone 486 Longinus for the 2nd time alone 487 Boethius alone 488 Dynamius and Sividius 489 Eusebius alone 490 Longinus for the 2nd time alone 491 Olybrius the Younger alone 492 Anastasius Augustus and Rufus 493 Eusebius for the 2nd time alone Consul-less 494 Asterius and Praesidius 495 Viator alone 496 Paulus alone 497 Anastasius Augustus for the 3rd time

^A 498 Joannes and Paulinus 499 Joannes another, alone, Curtius 500 Patricius and Hypatius 501 Pompeius and Avienus 502 Probus and Avienus 503 Dexicrates and Volusianus 504 Cethegus alone 505 Sabinianus and Theodorus 506 Areobindus, Nadius and Messala 507 Anastasius Augustus for the 3rd time and Venantius 508 Celer and another, Vinantius 509 Opportunus alone 510 Boethius alone 511 Secundinus and Felix 512 Paulus of Vivianus and Moschianus 513 Clementinus and Probus another 514 Senator alone 515 Anthemius and Florentinus 516 Petrus alone 517 Anastasius and Agapetus 518 Magnus alone 519 Justinus Augustus and Ethericus 520 Vitalianus and Rusticius 521 Justinianus and Valerius 522 Symmachus and Boethius 523 Maximus alone 524 Justinianus Augustus and Opilio 525 Philoxenus and Probus 526 Olymbrius alone 527 Mavortius alone 528 Justinianus Augustus for the 2nd time alone 529 Decius alone 530 Lampadius and Orestes 531 Consuls-less 532 Consuls-less 533 Justinianus Augustus for the 3rd time alone 534 Justinianus Augustus for the 4th time and Paulinus 535 Belisarius alone 536 Consuls-less 537 Consuls-less 538 Joannes alone and Eparchus Praetorius 539 Appion alone 540 Justinus alone 541 Basilius alone 542 Consuls-less 543 Consuls-less 544 Consuls-less 545 Consuls-less 546 Consuls-less 547 Consuls-less 548 Consuls-less 549 Consuls-less 550 Consuls-less 551 Consuls-less 552 Consuls-less 553 Consuls-less 554 Consuls-less 555 Consuls-less 556 Consuls-less 557 Consuls-less 558 Consuls-less 559 Consuls-less 560 Consuls-less 561 Consuls-less 562 Consuls-less 563 Consuls-less 564 Consuls-less 565 Consuls-less 566 Justinus Augustus alone 567 Consuls-less 568 Justinus Augustus for the 2nd time alone 569 Consuls-less 570 Consuls-less 571 Consuls-less 572 Consuls-less 573 Consuls-less 574 Consuls-less 575 Consuls-less 576 Consuls-less 577 Consuls-less 578 Consuls-less 579 Tiberius Constantinus Augustus alone ^B 580 Consuls-less 581 Consuls-less 582 Consuls-less 583 Consuls-less 584 Mauricius Tiberius Augustus alone 585 Consuls-less 586 Consuls-less 587 Consuls-less 588 Consuls-less 589 Consuls-less 590 Consuls-less 591 Consuls-less 592 Consuls-less 593 Consuls-less 594 Consuls-less 595 Consuls-less 596 Consuls-less ^C 597 Consuls-less 598 Consuls-less 599 Consuls-less 600 Consuls-less 601 Consuls-less 602 Consuls-less 603 Consuls-less 604 Phocas Augustus alone 605 Consuls-less 606 Consuls-less 607 Consuls-less 608 Consuls-less 609 Consuls-less 610 Consuls-less 611 Heraclius Augustus alone 612 Consuls-less 613 Consuls-less 614 Consuls-less 615 Consuls-less 616 Consuls-less, ^D Indiction, Consuls-less 617 Consuls-less 618 Consuls-less 619 Consuls-less 620 Consuls-less 621 Consuls-less 622 Consuls-less 623 Consuls-less 624 Consuls-less 625 Consuls-less 626 Consuls-less 627 Consuls-less 628 Consuls-less 629 Consuls-less 630 Consuls-less

XV.

FRAGMENT OF THE FASTI FROM THE YEAR OF CHRIST 205 TO THE YEAR 354

205 F Antoninus II and Geta. Mar. XXII. 206 E Albinus and Aemilianus. Mer. III. 207 D Carus and Maximus. Jov. XIV. 208 CB Antoninus III and Geta II. B Ven. XXV. 209 A Pompeianus and Avitus. Sol. VI. 210 G Faustinus and Rufinus. Lun. XVII. 211 F Gentianus and Bassus. Mar. XXVIII. 212 ED The two Aspri. B Mer. IX. 213 C Antoninus IV and Balbinus. Ven. XX. 214 B Messala and Sabinus. Sat. I. 215 A Laetus and Cerealis. Sol. X. 216 GF Sabinus and Anulinus. B Lun. XXIII. 217 E Praesens and Extricatus. Mer. IV. 218 D Antoninus and Adventus. Jov. XV. 219 C Antoninus II and Sacerdos. Ven. XXVI. 464 220. BA Antoninus III and Comazon. B Sat. VII. 221 G Gratus and Seleucus. Lun. XVIII. 222 F Antoninus IV and Alexander. Mar. XXIX. 223 E Maximus and Helianus. Mer. X. 224 DC Julianus and Crispinus. B Jov. XXI. 225 B Fuscus and Dexter. Sat. II. 226 A Alexander II and Marcellus. Sol. XIV. 227 G Sabinus and Maximus. Lun. XXV. 228 FE Modestus and Probus. B Mar. VI. 229 D Alexander III and Dio. Jov. XVII. 230 C Agricola and Clementinus. Ven. XXVIII. 231 B Pompeianus and Pelignianus. Sat. IX. 232 AG Lupus and Maximus. B Sol. XX. 233 F Maximus and Paternus. Mar. I. 234 E Maximus and Urbanus. Mer. XII. 235 D Severus and Quintianus. Jov. XXIII. 236 CB Maximinus and Africanus. B Ven. IV. 237 A Perpetuus and Cornelianus. Sol. XV. 238 C Pius (al. Ulpius) and Pontianus. Lun. XXVII. 239 F Gordianus and Aviola. Mar. VIII. 240 ED Sabinus and Venustus. B Mer. XIX. 241 C Gordianus and Pompeianus. Ven. XXX. 242 B Atticus and Praetextatus. Sat. II. 243 A Arrianus and Papus. Sol. XXII. 244 GF Peregrinus and Aemilianus. B Lun. II. 245 E Philippus and Titianus. Mer. XIV. 246 D Praesens and Albinus. Jov. XXV. 247 C Philippus II and Philippus. Ven. VI. 248 BA Philippus III and Philippus II. B Sat. XVII. 249 G Aemilianus and Aquilinus. Lun. XXVIII. 250 F Decius II and Gratus. Mar. IX. 251 E Decius III and Decius Caesar. Mer. XXI. 252 DC Gallus II and Volusianus. B Jov. II. 253 B Volusianus II and Maximus. Sat. XIII. 254 A Valerianus and Gallienus. Sol. XXIV. 255 G Valerianus III and Gallienus II. Lun. V. 256 FE Maximus and Glabrio. B Mer. XVI. 257 D Valerianus IV and Gallienus III. Jov. XXVII. 258 C Tuscus and Bassus. Ven. VIII. 259 B Aemilianus and Bassus. Sat. XIX. 260 AG Saecularis and Donatus. B Sol. XXX. 261 F Gallienus IV and Volusianus. Lun. VI. 262 E Gallienus V and Faustinus. Mar. XVII. 263 D Albinus and Dexter. B Mer. XXIX. 264 CB Gallienus VI and Saturninus. Ven. X. 265 A Valerianus II and Lucillus. Sat. XIX. 266 G Gallienus VII and Sabinillus. Jov. XVII. 267 F Paternus and Arcesilaus. Ven. IV. 268 ED Paternus II and Marianinus. B Mar. XI. 269 C Claudius and Paternus. Mer. XXIII.

^A 270 B Antiochianus and Orfitus. Sat. XXI. 271 A Aurelianus and Bassus. Sol. II. 272 GF Quietus and Veldumnianus. B Lun. XIII. 273 E Tacitus and Placidianus. Mer. XXIV. 274 D Aurelianus II and Capitolinus. Jov. VI. 275 C Aurelianus III and Marcellinus. Ven. XVII. 276 BA Tacitus II and Aemilianus. B Sat. XVIII. 277 G Probus and Paulinus. Lun. VII. 278 F Probus II and Lupus. Mar. XX. 279 E Probus III and Paternus. Mer. I. 280 DC Messala and Gratus. B Jov. XII. 281 B Probus IV and Tiberianus. Sat. XXIII. 282 A Probus V and Victorinus. Sol. IV. 465 283. G Carus and Carinus. Lun. XV. 284 FE Carinus II and Numerianus. B Mar. XXV. 285 D Diocletianus II and Aristobulus. Jov. VII. 286 C Maximus II and Aquilinus. Ven. XVIII. 287 B Diocletianus III and Maximianus. Sat. XXX. 288 AG Maximianus II and Januarius. B Sol. XI. ^B 289 F Bassus II and Quintianus. Mar. XXI. 290 E Diocletianus IV and Maximianus III. Mer. III. 291 D Tiberianus and Dio. Jov. XIV. 292 CB Annibalianus and Asclepiodotus. B Ven. XXV. 293 A Diocletianus V and Maximianus IV. Sol. VI. 294 G Constantius and Maximianus. Lun. XVII. 295 F Tuscus and Anullinus. Mar. XXVII. 296 ED Diocletianus VI and Constantius II. B Mer. IX. 297 C Maximianus V and Maximianus II. Ven. XX. 298 B Faustus II and Gallus. Sat. I. 299 A Diocletianus VII and Maximianus VI. Sol. XII. 300 GF Constantius III and Maximianus III. B Lun. XXII. 301 E Titianus and Nepotianus. Mer. IV. 302 D Constantius IV and Maximianus IV. Jov. XV. 303 C Diocletianus VIII and Maximianus VII. Ven. XXVI. 304 BA Diocletianus IX and Maximianus VIII. B Sat. VII. ^C 305 G Constantius V and Maximianus V. Lun. XVIII. 306 F Constantius VI and Maximianus VI. Mar. XXIX. 307 E Novies and Constantinus. Mer. X. 308 DC Decies and Maximianus VII. B Jov. XXI. 309 B Post Consul X and VII. Sat. I. 310 A 2nd year Post consul X and VII. Sol. XII. 311 G Maximianus VIII alone. Lun. XXV. 312 FE Constantinus II and Licinius II. B Mar. VI. 313 D Constantinus III and Licinius III. Jov. XVII. 314 C Volusianus and Annianus. Ven. XVIII. 315 B Constantinus IV and Licinius IV. Sat. IX. 316 AG Sabinus and Rufinus. B Sol. XX. 317 F Gallicanus and Bassus. Mar. I. 318 E Licinius V and Crispus. Mer. XII. 319 D Constantinus V and Licinius. Jov. IV. 320 CB Constantinus VI and Constantinus. B Ven. XV. 321 A Crispus II and Constantinus II. Sol. XXVI. 322 G Probianus and Julianus. Lun. XXVII. ^D 323 F Severus and Rufinus. Mar. VI. 324 ED Crispus II and Constantinus III. B Mer. XIX. 325 C Paulinus and Julianus. Ven. XXX. 326 B Constantinus VII and Constantius. Sat. XI. 327 A Constantius and Maximus. Sol. XX. 328 GF Januarius and Justus. B Lun. II. 329 E Constantinus VIII and Constantinus IV. Mer. XIV.

330 D Gallicanus and Symmachus, Jov. XXV. 331 C Bassus and Ablavius, Ven. VI. 332 BA Pacatianus and Hilarianus, B Sat. XVII. 333 G Dalmatius and Zenophilus, Lun. XXVII. 334 F Optatus and Paulinus, Mar. X. 335 E Constantius and Albinus, Mer. XXI. 336 DC Nepotianus and Facundus, B Jov. II. 337 B Felicianus and Titianus, Sat. XIII. 338 A Ursus and Polemius, Sol. XXIV. 339 G Constantius II and Constans, Lun. V. 340 FE Aquilinus and Proculus, B Mar. XVI. 341 D Marcellinus and Probinus, Jov. XXVII. 342 C Constantius III and Constans II, Ven. VIII. ^A 343 B Placidus and Romulus, Sat. XIX. 344 AG Leontius and Sallustius, B Sol. XXX. 345 F Amantius and Albinus, Mar. XI. 466 346 E Post Amantius and Albinus, Mer. XXIII. 347 D Rufinus and Eusebius, Jov. IV. 348 CB Philippus and Salia, B Ven. XV. 349 A Limenius and Catullinus, Sol. XXVI. 350 G Sergius and Nigrinianus, Lun. VII. 351 F Post Sergius and Nigrinianus, Mar. XVIII. 352 ED Constantius V and Constantius Caesar, Mer. XXIX. 353 C Constantius VI and Constantius II, Ven. X. 354 B Constantius VII and Constantius III, Sat. XXII.

XVI. FROM THE TIMES OF GALLIENUS, Regarding who administered the prefecture of the city, from the year of Christ 254 to the year 354.

254. Valerianus II and Gallienus. Lollianus, Prefect of the City. 255. Valerianus III and Gallienus II. Valerius Maximus, P. V. 256. Maximus and Glabrio. Nummius Albinus, P. V. 257. Valerianus IV and Gallienus III. Julius Donatus, P. V. 258. Tuscus and Bassus. Cornelius Saecularis, P. V. 259. Aemilianus and Bassus. Cornelius Saecularis, P. V. 260. Saecularis II and Donatus. Cornelius Saecularis, P. V. 261. Gallienus IV and Volusianus. Nummius Albinus, P. V. 262. Gallienus V and Faustinus. Nummius Albinus, P. V. 263. Albinus II and Dexter. Nummius Albinus, P. V. 264. Gallienus VI and Saturninus. Paternus, P. V. 265. Valerianus II and Lucillus. Paternus, P. V. 266. Gallienus VII and Sabinillus. Paternus, P. V. 267. Paternus and Arcesilaus. Petronius Volusianus, P. V. 268. Paternus II and Marinianus. Petronius Volusianus, P. V. 269. Claudius and Paternus. Flavius Antiochianus, P. V. 270. Antiochianus and Orfitus. Flavius Antiochianus, P. V. 271. Aurelianus and Bassus. Postumius Varus, P. V. 272. Quietus and Voldumianus. Flavius Antiochianus, P. V. 273. Tacitus and Placidianus. Virius Orfitus, P. V. 274. Aurelianus II and Capitolinus. Virius Orfitus, P. V. 275. Aurelianus III and Marcellinus. Postumius Syagrius, P. V. 276. Tacitus II and Aemilianus. Ovinius Pacatianus, P. V. 277. Probus and Paulinus. Ovinius Pacatianus, P. V. 278. Probus II and Lupus. Virius Lupus, P. V. 279. Probus III and Paternus. Virius Lupus, P. V. 280. Messala and Gratus. Virius Lupus, P. V. 281. Probus IV and Tiberianus. Ovinius Paternus, P. V. 282. Probus V and Victorinus. Pomponius Victorianus, P. V. 285. Carus and Carinus. Titius Roburrus, P. V. 284. Carinus II and Numerianus. Ceionius Varus, P. V. 285. Diocletianus II and Aristobolus. Ceionius Varus, P. V. 286. Maximus II and Aquilinus. Junius Maximus, P. V. 287. Diocletianus III and Maximianus. Junius Maximus, P. V. 288. Maximianus II and Januarius. III Kalends of March, Pomponius Januarius, P. V. 289. Bassus II and Quintianus. Pomponius Januarius, P. V. 290. Diocletianus IV and Maximianus III. Turranius Gratianus, P. V. 291. Tiberianus II and Dio. XII Kalends of March, Junius Tiberianus, P. V. 292. Annibalianus and Asclepiodotus III. Nones of August, Claudius Marcellus, P. V. 293. Diocletianus V and Maximianus IV. III Ides of March, Septimius Acyndinus, P. V. 294. Constantius and Maximianus. Septimius Acyndinus, P. V. 295. Tuscus and Anulinus. III Ides of January, Aristobulus, P. V. 296. Diocletianus VI and Constantius II. XII Kalends of March, Cassius Dion, P. V. 467 297. Maximianus V and Maximianus II. Aeranius Annibalianus, P. V. 298. Faustus II and Gallus. Artorius Maximus, P. V. 299. Diocletianus V and Maximianus VI. Anicius Faustus, P. V. 300. Constantius III and Maximianus III. Calends of March, Pompeius Faustinus, P. V. 301. Titianus II and Nepotianus. Aelius Dionysius, P. V. 302. Constantius IV and Maximianus IV. XI Kalends of March, Nummius Tuscus, P. V. 303. Diocletianus VIII and Maximianus VII. Pridie Ides of September, Junius Tiberianus, P. V. 304. Diocletianus IX and Maximianus VIII. Nones of January, Aradius Rufinus, P. V. 305. Constantius V and Maximianus V. Pridie Ides of February, Postumius Titianus, P. V. 306. Constantius VI and Maximianus VI. XIV Kalends of April, Annius Anulinus, P. V. 307. Maximianus VII and Maximianus VIII. In the month of April, the sixth consulship was performed, which is, Nine times and Constantinus. VI Kalends of September, Justeius Tertullus, P. V. 308. Consuls when commanded by the Lords Augusti. X Kalends of May, it was performed, at Maxentius and Romulus: which is Ten times, and Maximianus. VIII Ides of April, Statius Rufinus, P. V. 309. Maxentius II and Romulus II. Calends of November, Aurelius Hermogenes, P. V. 310. Maxentius III as consul. V Calends of November, Rufius Volusianus, P. V. 311. Consuls when commanded by the Lords Augusti. In the month of September, it was performed, at Rufinus and Eusebius. V Kalends of November, Junius Flavianus, P. V.

312. Under the consulship of Maxentius IV, who are Constantine II and Licinius II, on the 5th of the Ides of February, Aradius Rufinus, clarissimus vir. On the 6th of the Kalends of November, Annius Anulinus, for 34 days, clarissimus vir; on the 3rd of the Kalends of December, Aradius Rufinus again, clarissimus vir. 313. Under Constantine II and Licinius II, on the 6th of the Ides of December, Rufius Volusianus, clarissimus vir. 314. Under Volusianus and Annianus, Rufius Volusianus, clarissimus vir. 315. Under Constantine IV and Licinius IV, on the 13th of the Kalends of September, Vectius Rufinus, clarissimus vir. 316. Under Sabinus and Rufinus, on the day before the Nones of August, Ovinius Gallicanus, clarissimus vir. 317. Under the consuls who have been ordered by the lords, our Augusti, on the 10th of the Kalends of March, Gallicanus and Bassus. On the Ides of May, Septimius Bassus, clarissimus vir. 318. Under Licinius V and Crispus Caesar, on the 2nd of the Ides of August, in his stead Julius Cassius acted as judge, because he had set out to the Augustus. Septimius Bassus having returned, clarissimus vir. ^B 319. Under Constantine V and Licinius Caesar, on the Kalends of September, Valerius Maximus Basilius, clarissimus vir. 320. Under Constantine VI and Constantine Caesar, Valerius Maximus, clarissimus vir. 321. Under Crispus II and Constantine II, Valerius Maximus, clarissimus vir. 322. Under Probianus and Julianus, Valerius Maximus, clarissimus vir. 323. Under Severus and Rufinus, on the Ides of September, Lucius Verinus, clarissimus vir. 324. Under Crispus III and Constantine III, Lucius Verinus, clarissimus vir. 325. Under Paulinus and Julianus, on the day before the Nones of January, Acius Severus, clarissimus vir. 326. Under Constantine VII and Constantius Caesar, on the Ides of November, Anicius Julianus, clarissimus vir. 327. Under Constantio and Maximus, Anicius Julianus, clarissimus vir. 328. Under Januarius and Justus, Anicius Julianus, clarissimus vir. 329. Under Constantine VIII and Constantine IV, on the Ides of September, Publilius Optatianus, clarissimus vir, for 30 days. Also on the 6th of the Ides of October, Petronius Probianus, clarissimus vir. 330. Under Gallicanus and Symmachus, Petronius Probianus, clarissimus vir. 331. Under Bassus and Ablavius, on the day before the Ides of April, Anicius Paulinus, clarissimus vir. 332. Under Pacatianus and Hilarianus, Anicius Paulinus, clarissimus vir. ^C 333. Under Dalmatius and Zenophilus, on the 7th of the Ides of April, Publilius Optatianus, clarissimus vir. Also for 34 days; and on the 6th of the Ides of May, Ceionius Julianus Kamenius, clarissimus vir. 334. Under Optatus and Paulinus, on the 5th of the Kalends of May, Anicius Paulinus, clarissimus vir. 335. Under Constantio and Paulinus, on the 3rd of the Kalends of January, Rufius Albinus, clarissimus vir. 336. Under Nepotianus and Facundus, Rufius Albinus, clarissimus vir. 337. Under Felicianus and Titianus, on the 7th of the Ides of March, Valerius Proculus, clarissimus vir. 338. Under Ursus and Polemius, on the Ides of January, Mecilius Hilarianus, clarissimus vir. 339. Under Constantio II and Constante, on the day before the Ides of July, Turgius Apronianus, for 3 months, clarissimus vir. Also on the 6th of the Kalends of November, Fabius Titianus, clarissimus vir. 468. 340. Under Acindynus and Proculus, from the 3rd of the Nones of May, on the 5th of the Ides of June, Junius Tertullus, the Vicar, acted as judge because he had set out to the Augustus. Afterwards Fabius Titianus returned, clarissimus vir. 341. Under Marcellinus and Probinus, on the 5th of the Kalends of March, Aurelius Celsinus, clarissimus vir. 342. Under Constantio III and Constante II, on the Kalends of April, Filollianus Mavortius, for 3 months and 6 days, clarissimus vir. Also on the day before the Nones of July, Aco Catulinus Philomathius, clarissimus vir. 343. Under Placidus and Romulus, Aco Catulinus, clarissimus vir. 344. Under Leontius and Sallustius, Aco Catulinus, clarissimus vir. On the 2nd of the Ides of April, Quintus Rusticus, clarissimus vir. 345. On the 2nd of the Nones of July, Probinus, clarissimus vir. 346. After the consulship of Amantius and Albinus, on the 8th of the Kalends of January, Placidus, clarissimus vir. 347. On the Ides of June, Limenius, prefect of the praetorium and the city. 348. Under Philippus and Salia, Ulpius Limenius, prefect of the praetorium and the city. 349. Under Limenius and Catulinus, Limenius, prefect of the praetorium and the city. The prefectures ceased for 41 days from the 6th of the Ides of April until the 15th of the Kalends of June. On the 14th of the Kalends of June, Hermogenes, prefect of the praetorium and the city. 350. Under Sergius and Nigrinianus, Hermogenes, prefect of the praetorium and the city. On the 2nd of the Kalends of March, Fabius Titianus, clarissimus vir. 351. Again on the Kalends of March, Aurelius Celsinus, clarissimus vir. Again on the 4th of the Ides of May, Caelius Probatus, clarissimus vir. On the 5th of the Ides of June, Clodius Adelfius, clarissimus vir. On the 15th of the Kalends of January, Valerius Proculus, clarissimus vir. 352. Under Decentius and Paulus, Valerius Proculus, clarissimus vir. Again on the 5th of the Ides of September, Septimius Mnasea, clarissimus vir. On the 6th of the Kalends of October, Neratius Cerealis, clarissimus vir. 353. Under Constantio II and Constante II, Neratius Cerealis, clarissimus vir. On the 6th of the Ides of December, Vitrasius Orfitus, clarissimus vir. 354. Under Constantio VII and Constante III, Vitrasius Orfitus, prefect of the city.

XVII. CATALOGUE OF THE ROMAN PONTIFFS, IN WHICH SOME CONSULAR FASTI ARE RECOUNTED.

When Tiberius Caesar was reigning, our Lord Jesus Christ suffered, under the consulship of the two Gemini, on the 3rd of the Kalends of July, and after his ascension, the most blessed Peter assumed the episcopate. From which time, by succession, it was arranged who was bishop, and for how many years he presided, or under which emperor.

Peter [presided] for twenty-five years, one month, and nine days. He was in the times of Tiberius Caesar, and of Gaius, and of Tiberius Claudius, and of Nero, from the consulship of Vinicius and Longinus up to that of Nero and Vetus. He suffered ^D under the emperor Nero.

Linus [presided] for twelve years, four months, and twelve days. He was in the times of Nero, from the consulship of Saturninus and Scipio up to that of Capito and Rufus.

Clement [presided] for nine years, eleven months, and twelve days. He was in the times of Galba and Vespasian, from the consulship of Trachalus and Italicus, up to Vespasian VI and Titus.

Cletus [presided] for six years, two months, and twelve days.

^A It was in the times of Vespasian and Titus, and at the beginning of Domitian, from the consulship of Vespasian VIII and Domitian V, up to Domitian IX and Rufus.

Anacletus for twelve years, ten months, and three days. He was in the times of Domitian, from the consulship of Domitian X and Sabinus, up to Domitian XVII and Clemens.

Evaristus for thirteen years, seven months, and two days. He was in the latest times of Domitian, and of Nerva, and of Trajan; from the consulship of Valens and Verus, up to Gallus and Bradua.

Alexander for seven years, two months, and one day. He was in the times of Trajan, from the consulship of Palma and Tullus, up to Velianus and Vetus.

Sixtus for ten years, three months, and twenty-one days. He was in the times of Hadrian, from the consulship of Niger and Apronianus, up to Verus III and Ambibulus.

Telesphorus for eleven years, three months, and three days. He was in the times of Antoninus Macrinus, from the consulship of Titianus and Gallicanus, up to Caesar and Balbinus.

469 Hyginus for twelve years, three months, and six days. He was in the times of Verus, from the consulship of Gallicanus and Vetus, up to Praesens and Rufinus.

Pius for twenty years, four months, and twenty-one days. He was in the times of Antoninus Pius, from the consulship of Clarus and Severus, up to the two Augusti. During his episcopate, his brother Hermes wrote a book, in which it is commanded and contained what an angel commanded him, when he came to him in the habit of a shepherd.

Soter for nine years, three months, and two days. He was in the times of Antoninus and Commodus, from the consulship of Verus and Erennianus, up to Paternus and Bradua.

Victor for nine years, two months, and ten days. From the consulship of Saturninus and Gallus, up to Praesens and Extricatus.

Callistus for five years, two months, and ten days. He was in the times of Macrinus and Heliogabalus, from the consulship of Antoninus and Adventus, up to Antoninus III and Alexander. ^B

Urbanus for eight years, eleven months, and twelve days. He was in the times of Alexander, from the consulship of Maximus and Aelianus, up to Agricola and Clementinus.

Pontianus for five years, two months, and seven days. He was in the times of Alexander, from the consulship of Pompeianus and Pelignianus. At that time, Bishop Nepotianus and the presbyter Hippolytus were deported as exiles to the harmful island of Sardinia, in the consulship of Severus and Quintianus. On the same island, he was deposed on the 4th of the Kalends of October, and in his place was ordained Anteros on the 11th of the Kalends of December, in the consulship of the SS.

Anteros for one month and ten days. He sleeps on the 3rd of the Nones of January, in the consulship of Maximus and Africanus.

Fabianus for fourteen years, one month, and ten days. He was in the times of Maximinus, and Gordian, and Philip. From the consulship of Maximinus and Africanus, up to Decius II and Gratus. He suffered on the 12th of the Kalends of February. He divided the regions among the deacons: and he ordered many buildings to be made through the cemeteries. After his passion, the presbyters Moyses and Maximus, and the deacon Nicostratus, were seized and sent to prison. At that time Novatus arrived from Africa; and he separated Novatian from the Church, and certain confessors, after Moyses had died in prison, who was there for eleven months and eleven days.

Cornelius for two years, three months, and ten days. From the consulship of Decius IV and Decius II, up to Gallus and Volusianus. During his episcopate, Novatus ordained Novatian outside the Church in the city of Rome, and Nicostratus in Africa. After this was done, the confessors who had separated themselves from Cornelius, with the presbyter Maximus who had been with Moyses, returned to the Church; ^C after this he was exiled to Centumcellae. There he accepted his dormition with glory.

Lucius for three years, eight months, and ten days. He was in the times of Gallus and Volusianus, up to Valerian III and Gallienus II. He was an exile, and afterwards by the will of God he returned unharmed to the Church, on the 3rd of the Nones of March, in the consulship of the SS.

Stephanus for four years, two months, and twenty-one days. He was in the times of Valerian and Gallienus, from the consulship of Volusianus and Maximinus, up to Valerian III and Gallienus II.

Sixtus for two years, eleven months, and six days. He began from the consulship of Maximus and Glabrio, up to Tuscus and Bassus, and he suffered on the 8th of the Ides of August, from the consulship of Tuscus and Bassus, until the 11th of the Kalends of August, in the consulship of Aemilianus and Bassus.

Dionysius for eight years, two months, and four days. He was in the times of Gallienus, from the 11th day of the Kalends of August, in the consulship of Aemilianus and Bassus, up to the 7th day of the Kalends of January, in the consulship of Claudius and Paternus.

Felix for five years, eleven months, and twenty-five days. He was in the times of Claudius and Aurelian, from the consulship of Claudius and Paternus, up to the consulship of Aurelian II and Capitolinus.

Eutychianus for eight years, eleven months, and three days. He was in the times of Aurelian, from the consulship of Aurelian and Marcellinus, up to the 7th of the Ides of December, in the consulship of Carus II and Carinus.

Caius for twelve years, four months, and seven days. He was in the times of Carus and Carinus, from the 16th day of the Kalends of January, in the consulship of Carus II and Carinus, up to the 10th of the Kalends of May, in the consulship of Diocletian VI and Constantius II.

Marcellinus for eight years, three months, and twenty-five days. He was in the times of Diocletian and Maximian, from the day before the Kalends of July, from the consulship of Diocletian VI and Constantius II, up to the consulship of Diocletian IX and Maximian VIII. During which time there was a persecution, and the episcopate ceased for 7 years, 6 months, and 15 days.

Marcellus for one year, seven months, and twenty days. He was in the times of Maxentius, from the consulship of X and Maximianus, up to after the 10th and 7th consulship. From the 14th of the Kalends of May, up to the 16th of the Kalends of September. ^D

Miltiades for three years, six months, and nine days, from the 6th of the Nones of July, from the consulship of Maximian VIII alone; which was in the month of September, in the consulship of Volusianus and Rufinus, up to the 3rd of the Ides of January, in the consulship of Volusianus and Annianus.

Sylvester for twenty-one years and eleven months. He was in the times of Constantine, from the consulship of Volusianus and Annianus, from the day before the Kalends of February, up to the day of the Kalends of January, in the consulship of Constantius and Albinus.

Marcus for eight months and twenty days. And he was in the times of Constantine, in the consulship of Nepotianus and Facundus, from the 15th of the Kalends of February, up to the day of the Nones of October, in the consulship of the SS.

Julius for fifteen years, one month, and eleven days. He was in the times of Constantine, from the consulship of Felicianus and Titianus, from the 6th of the Ides of February, to the day before the Ides of April, in the consulship of Constantius V and Constantine Caesar. He built many buildings: a basilica on the Via Portuensis, at the first milestone; a basilica on the Via Flaminia, at the second milestone, which is called the Valentinian; the Julia basilica, which is in the seventh region, next to the forum of the divine Trajan; a basilica across the Tiber, in the fourteenth region, next to the Callistum; a basilica on the Via Aurelia, at the milestone to the Callistum.

Liberius was in the times of Constantius, from the 11th of the Kalends of June, until the day..., in the consulship of Constantius V and Constantius Caesar.

XVIII.

A PASCHAL TABLE OF ONE HUNDRED YEARS, FROM THE YEAR OF CHRIST 312 TO THE YEAR 411.

^A [B]. Constantino II and Licinio II. III. Ides of April. Constantino III and Licinio III. III. Ides of April. Valeriano and Anniano. XIV. Kalends of May. Constantino IV and Licinio IV. III. Ides of April. [B]. Sabino and Rufino. VIII. Kalends of April. Gallicano and Basso. XVIII. Kalends of May. Licinio V and Crispo. VIII. Ides of April. Constantino V and Licinio. IV. Kalends of April. [B]. Constantino V and Constantino. III. Ides of April. Crispo II and Constantino II. IV. Nones of April. Probiano and Juliano. VIII. Kalends of April. Valente V and Valentiniano Caesar Junior. Prid. Nones of April. [B]. Gratiano and Merobaude. XVI. Kalends of May. P. C. Gratiani and Merobaudis. VI. Ides of April. Valente VI and Valentiniano Junior. Prid. Nones of April. Olybrio and Ausonio. VI. Kalends of April. [B]. Gratiano V and Theodosio. Kalends of May. Syagrio and Eucherio. Prid. Kalends of April. Antonio and Evagrio. XII. Kalends of May. Saturnino and Syagrio. XVI. Kalends of April. Severo and Rufo. VII. Ides of April. [B]. Ricomede and Clearcho. XII. Kalends of May. [B]. Crispo III and Constantino III. IV. Kalends of April. Arcadio and Bautone. Prid. Ides of April. Paulino and Juliano. XIV. Kalends of May. Honorio and Evodio. V. Kalends of April. Constantino VII and Constantio. III. Ides of April. Valentiniano I and Eutropio. XV. Kalends of May. Constantio and Maximo. VII. Kalends of April. [B]. Januarino and Justo. XIX. Kalends of May. [B]. Theodosio II and Cynegio. VI. Ides of April. Timasio and Promoto. VIII. Kalends of April. Constantino VIII and Constantino IV. VIII. Ides of April. Valentiniano IV and Neoterio. Ides of April. Tatiano and Symmacho. Nones of April. Gallicano and Symmacho. III. Kalends of May. [B]. Arcadio Aug. II and Rufino. VI. Kalends of April. Basso and Ablavio. III. Ides of April. [B]. Pacatiano and Hilariano. IV. Nones of April. Theodosio Aug. III and Abundantio. XVI. Kalends of May. Dalmatio and Zenofilo. XVII. Kalends of May. Arcadio Aug. IV and Honorio II. VII. Ides of April. Optato and Paulino. XI. Kalends of April. Olybrio and Probino. Kalends of May. Constantio and Albino. III. Kalends of April. [B]. Arcadio Aug. IV and Honorio Aug. III. XIV. Kalends of May. [B]. Nepotiano and Facundo. XVII. Kalends of May. Cæsario and Attico. III. Nones of April. Honorio Aug. IV and Eutychiano. III. Kalends of April. Feliciano and Titiano. VIII. Kalends of April. Entropio and Theodoro. VI. Ides of April. Constantio II and Constante. XVII. Kalends of May. [B]. Acyndino and Proculo. III. Kalends of April. Marcellino and Probino. XIII. Kalends of May. [B]. Stilicone and Aureliano. VIII. Kalends of April. Constantio III and Constante II. III. Ides of April. Vincentio and Stravito. Ides of April. Placido and Romulo. Nones of April. Arcadio Aug. V and Honorio Aug. V. Nones of April. Post Amantio and Albino. III. Kalends of April. Theodosio Aug. and Rumorido. XIV. Kalends of May. Rufino and Eusebio. Prid. Ides of April. [B]. Honorio VI and Aristeneto. V. Ides of April. [B]. 471 Philippo and Salia. III. Nones of April. Stilicone I and Anthemio. Kalends of April. Limenio and Catulino. VI. Kalends of April. Arcadio VI and Probo. XI. Kalends of May. Sergio and Nigriniano. XVII. Kalends of May. Theodosio II and Honorio VI. VIII. Ides of April. Post Sergio and Nigriniano. Prid. Kalends of April. [B]. Basso and Philippo. V. Kalends of April. [B]. Constantio V and Constantio Jun. XI. Kalends of May. Theodosio I and Honorio VII. XV. Kalends of May. Constantio VI and Constantio II. III. Ides of April. Varrane and... IV. Nones of April. Constantio VII and Constantio III. Kalends of April. Ides of April. Arbitione and Lolliano. XVI. Kalends of May. Nones of April. [B]. Constantio VIII and Juliano I. VII. Ides of April. XIII. Kalends of May. Constantio IX and Juliano II. III. Kalends of April. III. Ides of April. Datiano and Cereale. Prid. Ides of April. Kalends of April. 472. XVII. Kalends of May. Valentiniano II and Valente II. Prid. Nones of April. [B]. Valentiniano Nobiliss. and Victore. XVI. Kalends of May. Kalends of April. IV. Ides of April. Valentiniano III and Valente III. VI. Kalends of May. Nones of April. Gratiano II and Probo. Ides of April. VII. Kalends of April. Modesto and Arintheo. VI. Ides of April. XVI. Kalends of May. [B]. Valentiniano IV and Valente IV. XVI. Kalends of May. Nones of April. Gratiano III and Equitio. VII. Ides of April. Kalends of May. P. C. Gratiani III and Equitii. III. Kalends of April. IV. Kalends of April.

XIX. LIST OF CONSULAR FASTI, FROM THE CONSULATE OF AUSONIUS AND OLYBRIUS TO THE XVII YEAR AFTER THE CONSULATE OF BASILIUS.

ORDINARY CONSULS ESTABLISHED AFTER THE CONSTITUTION OF HIERONYMUS. ^A

Ausonius and Olybrius. Gratianus V and Theodosius. Syagrius and Eucherius. Antonius and Syagrius. Merobaudes II and Saturninus. Ricomer and Clearchus. Arcadius and Bauto. Honorius and Evodius. Valentinian I and Eutropius. Theodosius II and Cynegius. Timasius and Promotus. Valentinian III and Euterius [Neoterius]. Tatianus and Symmachus. Arcadius II and Rufinus. Theodosius III and Abundantius. Arcadius III and Honorius. Olybrius and Rufinus. Arcadius III and Honorius III. Caesarius and Atticus. Honorius and Eutychianus. Theodorus V.C. Stilicho V.C. Vincentius and Fravitta. Arcadius II and Honorius II. Theodosius III [I] and Rumoridus. Honorius VII [VI] and Aristenetus [and Aristo]. Stilicho II and Anthemius. Arcadius VII [VI] and Probus. Honorius VIII [VII] and Theodosius II. Bassus V.C. and Philippus. Honorius VIII and Theodosius III. Varus [Varanes] V.C. Theodosius IIII. Lucius [Lucianus] V.C. COSL. Honorius VIII and Theodosius V. Constantinus and Constans. Honorius X and Theodosius VI. Theodosius VII and Palladius. Honorius XI and Constantius II. Honorius XII and Theodosius VIII. Monaxius and Plinta. Theodosius VIII and Constantius III. Agricola and Eustathius. Honorius XIII and Theodosius X. Marinianus and Asclepiodotus. Castinus V.C. CONSL. Theodosius XII [XI] and Valentinian I. Theodosius XII and Valentinian II. Hierius and Ardabur. Felix and Taurus. Florentius and Dionysius. Theodosius XIII and Valentinian III. Bassus and Antiochus. Aetius and Valerius. Theodosius XIIII and Maximus. Aspar and Ariovindus. Theodosius XV and Valentinian III. Isidorus and Senator. Aetius and Segisvultus. Theodosius XVI and Faustus. Valentinian V and Placidus. Carus V.C. CSL. Dioscorus V.C. CSL. Maximus and Paterius. Theodosius XVIII and Albinus. Valentinian VI and Nomus. Aetius and Symmachus. ^B

Calepius and Ardabur. Postumianus and Zeno. Valentinian VII and Abienus. Asterius and Protogenes. Valentinian and Abienus. Adelphius V.C. CSL. Herculanus V.C. CSL. [Post-consulate of] Nullus (sic). Opilio V.C. CSL. Basilius. Aetius and Studius. Valentinian VIII and Anthemius. Joannes and Suarana. Constantinus and Rufus. Leo and Majorian. Ricimer and Patricius. Magnus and Apollonius. Severinus and Gadalaifus. Leo Aug. I and Severus. Basilius. Olybrius. Basiliscus and Armatus. Leo Aug. I.

473 Anthemius. Martianus and Leo. Severus. Leo and Probianus. Festus and Marcianus. Leo V. Leo Junior. Zeno. Basiliscus and Armatus. Zeno III. ^C

Venantius and Theudericus. Symmachus. Nullus. Basilius. Placidus. Severinus. Faustus. Venantius and Theudericus. Symmachus. Decius and Longinus. Boethius. Dynamius and Sifidius. Probinus and Eusebius. Faustus and Longinus. After these consuls, Theodoric the King entered Italy. P.C. Venantius. Venantius and Basilius Junior. Importunus. Boethius. Felix. P.C. Probus. Senator. Florentius. Petrus. Agapitus. ^D

P.C. Euterius and Rusticianus. Valerius. Symmachus and Boethius. P.C. Maximus. Opilio. Probus Junior. Elebrius. Mavortius. P.C. Mavortius.

Decius. Lampadius and Orestes. P.C. Lampadius and Orestes. Lampadius III and Orestes. Paulinus the Younger. Paulinus I and Bisilarius I. Paulinus II and Bisilarius II. Paulinus III and Bisilarius III. Paulinus IV and Joannes. Paulinus V and Joannes II. Paulinus VI and Appio. Paulinus VII and Appio II. Basilius. P.C. Then P.C. ^A Ter, P.C. III P.C. V P.C. VI P.C. VII P.C. VIII P.C. VIIII P.C. X P.C. XI P.C. XII P.C. XIII P.C. XIIII P.C. XV P.C. XVI P.C. XVII P.C.

XX. ANOTHER LIST OF CONSULS, AFTER THE CHRONICLER OF THE SENATORS

Rusticus and Vitalis, Augusti, consuls. Valerius and Justinianus, Viri Clarissimi. Symmachus and Boetius, Viri Clarissimi. Maximus, Vir Clarissimus. Ophilio and Justinus, Augusti, Viri Clarissimi. Probus and Filoxenus, Viri Clarissimi. Olibrius, Vir Clarissimus. Maburtius, Vir Clarissimus. Justinianus, Augustus II, Vir Clarissimus. Decius, Vir Clarissimus. Lampadius and Orestis, Viri Clarissimi. P.C. Lampadius and Orestis, Viri Clarissimi. Justinianus, Augustus III, consuls. Justinianus, Augustus IIII and Paulinus, consuls. Belisarius, Vir Clarissimus. P.C. Belisarius, Vir Clarissimus. Then P.C. Belisarius, Vir Clarissimus. Joannes, Vir Clarissimus. Appius, Vir Clarissimus. ^B Justinus Junior, Vir Clarissimus. Basilius, Vir Clarissimus. P.C. Basilius, Vir Clarissimus. And then P.C. Basilius, Vir Clarissimus. III P.C. Basilius, V.C. IIII P.C. Basilius, V.C. V P.C. Basilius, V.C. VI P.C. Basilius, V.C. VII P.C. Basilius, V.C. VIII P.C. Basilius, V.C. VIIII P.C. Basilius, V.C. X P.C. Basilius, V.C. XI P.C. Basilius, V.C. XII P.C. Basilius, V.C. XIII P.C. Basilius, V.C. XIIII P.C. Basilius, V.C. XV P.C. Basilius, V.C. XVI P.C. Basilius, V.C. XVII P.C. V.C. ^C

XXI. METHOD

In the handy canon of Ptolemy, after the canons of the wandering stars, there are also other canons by means of which one can understand the day of any month and [determine] into which day of the week it falls. But since, without those tables, the sought-after day cannot be found, we have therefore devised a more expeditious method by which it can be found easily in any indiction, into which day of the week the day of any month falls; and furthermore, also the year in which the bissextile is to be interpolated.

Therefore, from the beginning of our third year, which by the grace of God we administer, of the empire, the years are to be counted and gathered into one sum, viz. from the first indiction; and for the collected sum of years, an equal unit for every fourth year is to be added by a perpetual rule. ^D Which addition of unit being made, another...

unit must be subtracted from every sum. Also, the days of the month, regarding which the question is instituted, are to be brought into the aforementioned sum; which, however, is to be understood in such a way that the calculation proceeds according to the manner of the Alexandrians, namely, to be reckoned from the month of September. Then the months are to be numbered up to that same month whose day of the week you are seeking, and the number of months doubled is to be added to the sum already collected. That sum, thus increased, is to be distributed into sevens, and whatever day remains, you possess that as the day of the week sought; or if one remains, it is discovered to be the Lord’s day, or if two, the second day, and so on in order up to the Sabbath. ^A For the sake of an example, let the eleventh of the month of April of the current seventh indiction be placed as subject. There are, therefore, from the first indiction to this present year of our reign, which we administer by divine nod, namely to the seventh indiction, seven years, and the fourth part of them is one. For the three remainder years signify the years that have flowed since the leap year; and of these we do not take the fourth for the time being, so that they might be completed, so that their fourth part might become a unit. For when the sum of the years collected from the first indiction is divided by four and leaves nothing remaining, in that year a leap year occurs, just as in the seventh indiction about to enter, which when divided by four leaves nothing. For it exists as the eighth from the same first indiction. ^B Similarly also in the twelfth year from the first indiction, and in the sixteenth, and so on in like manner. For the years that remain after the division by four, as is likely, are those years that have passed since the leap year, whether one remains, or two, or three; of which, as has been said, we do not take the fourth part until the number of four years is completed; then also their fourth part becomes one. Therefore, the unit which is produced from the division of the seven years by four from the first indiction to the current seventh must be added to the seven years. The years thus become, with the addition of the fourth part, the number eight, from which it is necessary to subtract one, as has been indicated before, and again they remain at the number seven. It is necessary, therefore, to add to these the day sought, that is, the tenth of the month of April, which is with the Alexandrians the fifteenth. ^C It is necessary, therefore, to add these fifteen to the seven after the subtraction of the one, and they become twenty-two. But it is necessary to count from September how many months there are until the month sought, that is, April, and they are eight; and doubling these, we add the sixteen to the twenty-two, and they become the number thirty-eight. This number thirty-eight, therefore, dividing by seven, we cast out five hebdomads, and we find three remaining, and they signify that the tenth of the month of April falls on the third day of the week.

Proof as to why it is necessary, when seeking what day of the Alexandrian month it is, to start from three days before September.

When therefore we have the twenty-second of August, the Alexandrians have the first of Thoth, that is, of September. But when we have the first of September, the Alexandrians have the fourth of the same month. In order, therefore, to know the month of Thoth according to the Alexandrians, or indeed the months following it, and what number the month has among them, it is necessary to add these three remaining days, and thus to begin from September and to reckon until the completion of August, which is called Mesori by them. ^A When August itself is completed, there are found to be eight redundant days for the Alexandrians. For the three days being added before September, out of each month of thirty-one days, we add the one redundant day to these three, that is, one for October, one for December, one for January, so that they become eight in number; subtracting two for the month of February, four remain. And it is clearly necessary to add one day for each of the four months, March, May, July, and August. For these all have thirty-one days. These four being added, they become eight when August is completed. The Alexandrians, subtracting the four days from the eight, and performing one month, which is called by them the "five-day month" [penthemeron], leave behind three days, which when September begins must again be added, because the Thoth month of the Alexandrians is found to have already completed its third day after the beginning of the five-day month. Thus it is necessary to reckon the months again, and to add the one redundant day of each month to the three. But when it is a bissextile [leap] year, in the year before the bissextile, that is, when the Alexandrians have completed in that year, and in that year alone, after August, which is called Mesori by them, instead of the five-day month, ^B they accomplish a six-day month. Subtracting the six days from the number of eight redundant days (which I mentioned), two will remain. Wherefore in that year, and in that year of the bissextile alone, two days are to be added before September; and for February, not two are to be subtracted, but a single one, because the Romans make February consist of twenty-nine days in a bissextile year.

Method by which Pascha, according to the ecclesiastical tradition, is to be investigated.

The most venerable day of the feast of the life-giving resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ and true God is celebrated from the twenty-second of the month of March, and including that twenty-second, up to the twenty-fifth of the month of April, including that twenty-fifth. For it is not celebrated on the twenty-first of March, nor on the twenty-sixth of April. It occurs from the fifteenth day of the moon, and including that day, up to the twenty-first day of the moon, including that too. For it does not occur on the fourteenth day of the moon, nor on the twenty-second. And such a day of feasting is found by the ecclesiastical calculation in this manner: It is necessary first to seek the epacts of the sun and the moon. The epacts of the sun are found ^C thus: From the first indiction recently passed, in the third year by the grace of God of our reign, it is necessary to count all the years collected, as now until the present eleventh indiction, eleven years are gathered. And it is necessary to take the fourth part of them and to add to them, which is two; for four times two becomes eight, and three remain, from which it is not necessary to take the fourth part; for these three which remain signify the three years after the bissextile. For as many as remain after taking the fourth, whether one, or two, or three, [if they are] the years, as has been said, they signify those after the bissextile. And it is not necessary to take the fourth of these. It is necessary, therefore, as has been said, to add the fourth of the collected years from the first indiction always to it, as now to the eleven years, its fourth part, that is, the two, and after the addition of the one fourth is made, it is necessary always to subtract one and to divide by the number seven, and the resulting

^A number, five, is the epact of the sun for the eleventh indiction. The epacts of the moon are found in this way: one must from the indiction which was under Maurice, of blessed memory, divide the years which are until the eleventh indiction, which are thirty-four; and it is necessary always, as many nineteen-year cycles as are found, to subtract them from the accumulated years, and to multiply the remaining years by the number eleven; and it is necessary to subtract from what we find the months of thirty days; and the remaining number is the epact of the moon. As now we take from the eighth, as has been said, indiction until the present eleventh indiction, years thirty-four; and we subtract from these the one nineteen-year cycle, and there remain fifteen years. These multiplied by the eleven produce one hundred and sixty-five. We subtract from these the months of thirty days, that is to say one hundred and fifty days, and there remain fifteen days, which are the epacts of the moon. And it is necessary always to add eight days for the moon. As then having in the present eleventh indiction the epacts of the moon twelve; we add to them the eight days, and they become in number twenty-three. And it is necessary always to take from this number the amount remaining until the number forty-four; we find the resulting number to be twenty-one, and it signifies that on the twenty-first of March of the present ^B eleventh indiction, the fourteenth of the moon occurs. For if anything above thirty-one remains to be transferred to the forty-four day period, it is of March. And thus it is necessary to observe the fourteenth of the moon. But if it is found to be less than the eight, it is necessary to know that it is of April, because it is the fourteenth of the moon. And if it is less than the eight of April, it is necessary from those remaining to the number forty-four always to subtract one, and the remaining number is of April in which the fourteenth of the moon is found. Whether the remainder to the number forty-four of the gathered epacts of the moon be such, it is necessary to subtract thirty-one and to know that the remaining number is of April, in which the fourteenth of the moon is found. But if the years analyzed from the indiction which was under Maurice, of blessed memory, of the nineteen-year cycle, result in nothing, but all the years are analyzed into the nineteen-year cycles, it is necessary to call that year without epacts, and only to take the number eight always added to the epacts of the moon, and it is necessary to hold the remainder of this number until forty-four, and to subtract thirty-one from it, and then to say that the fourteenth of the moon is there. For that indiction being without epacts, we have the number eight added to the epacts, and we take the remainder until forty-four, and the remaining number becomes thirty-six. We subtract, therefore, as it was said above, the number thirty-one, and the remaining ^C number two signifies that on the fifth of April the fourteenth of the moon occurs, when that indiction is without epacts.

But on what day of the week it is that the fourteenth of the moon is found, whether it falls in March, or perchance in April, is known in this way. It is necessary to add the solar epacts to the days of the month in which the fourteenth of the moon is found. As now the solar epacts were in number five, and the fourteenth of the moon fell on the twenty-first of March, in which the fourteenth of the moon arrived, and they become twenty-six in number. And it is necessary always, when the fourteenth of the moon is in March, to add four. They become in the present eleventh indiction, thirty. But if the fourteenth of the moon falls in April, it is not necessary to add the four. It is necessary, therefore, to divide the resulting number by seven. As now dividing thirty by seven, we find remaining two days, which signify that the twenty-first day of the month of March, on which the fourteenth of the moon arrived, is the second day of the week. ^D Moreover, on what day of the week that fourteenth of the moon might be found, whether it has perhaps fallen in the month of March, or rather in April, we investigate in this way: the epacts of the sun must be added to the day of the month on which the fourteenth of the moon was found. The solar epacts are already five, and the moon, however, fell on the twenty-first of March, on which very day the moon possesses that age. Thus they will become in number twenty-six. But always (as often as the fourteenth of the moon falls in March) four must be added, and they will become, in our eleventh indiction, thirty. But if that fourteenth of the moon falls in April, four must not be added. Therefore the number thence compiled is to be divided by seven. So now four times seven become twenty-eight. There remain two days, signifying indeed that that day of March the twenty-first, with which the fourteenth of the moon concurs, is the second day of the week. Since, therefore, the twenty-first day of March is the second day of the week, with the remaining days added until Sunday, the twenty-seventh of March will be found to be the holy and life-giving day of the Resurrection for the indiction.

In the same manner, the sacred and life-giving day of the Resurrection of our Lord and true God will become known to those desiring it, if, for individual indictions, one always wishes to add one year from the indiction of our empire, God willing, to investigate the epacts of the sun; and from the eighth indiction of Maurice of blessed memory, to proceed by the aforesaid method to investigate the epacts of the moon likewise. Thus we shall find the life-giving Resurrection of our Christ, to be celebrated according to the apostolic tradition of the holy Fathers, rejoicing and glorifying His all-holy name with the unbegotten Father and the life-giving Spirit, now and always, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

XXII. VARIOUS READINGS ON THE EPISTLE OF DIONYSIUS EXIGUUS ON THE CALCULATION OF EASTER, from the Royal codices 1445, Colbert 240, and the Petavian, according to the edition of Bucherius, page 485.

Page 485, title. "Incipit epistola Dionysii Exigui ad Petronium episcopum de ratione Paschali." *Repetuntur.* Thus Mss. *Singulari.* Mss. *sæculari.* *Et stabilem.* Mss. *ac.* etc. *Festivitatis unica.* Mss. *antiqua.* *Ordinantes.* Thus Mss. *Præferunt.* Mss. 480 *expræferent.* *Qui etiam.* Thus Mss. *Veneranda.* Mss. *reverenda.* *Desciverunt.* Mss. *discesserunt.* *Enneacaidecaetirida.* Mss. *enniacedecerida.* *Circulum.* Mss. *ciclum.*

Page 486. *Imo.* Mss. *immo.* *Et ultimum.* Sequitur, *per annos singulos unum numerare curabis, in eo tamen modo anno.* Nos autem CCXLVIII, etc. *Quod circulus iste.* Mss. *quod ciclus ipse.* *Propositam.* Mss. *præpositam.* *Ordinem.* Deest. *Annotatas.* Mss. *adnotatas.* *Decemnovennalem.* Mss.... *his.* *Hebdomadum.* Mss. *septimana.* *Domini.* Mss. *dominicus.* *Hebdomadum.* Mss. *septemanarum.* *In eo tantummodo.* Mss. *in eo tamen modo.* *Bissextus.* Mss. *bis sextus.* *Sic alibi.* *In illis solis.* Mss. *in his solis.* *Proposuimus.* Mss. *præposuimus.* *Dum temporis initium ignoratur.* Desunt in Mss.

Page 487. *Mensis iste.* Addunt Mss. *vobis.* *Legislator.* Mss. *lator legis.* *Commonet.* Mss. *ammonet.* *Noctu.* Mss. *nocte.* *Die.* Mss. add. *mensis.* *Vesperum.* Mss. *vesperam.* *Mensis hic.* Mss. *mensis iste.* *Legitur.* Mss. *intelligitur.* *Venerabiles ccc et XVIII.* *Exordium.* Mss. *initium.* *Tantorum.* Mss. *tantarum.* *Vernalis.* Mss. *vernales.* *Consequatur.* Mss. *non consequantur.* *Qui a duodecimo.* Mss. *quia XI*, etc. *In quo etiam*, etc. Mss. *secutus sanctioni signari dum alia supputationis in quo etiamsi luna XIV Sabbato contigerit, qui semel in XCV accedere manifestum est.* *Paschalis festi.* Mss. *paschali festo.* *Estimantes.* Mss. *existimantes.* *Solarem annum.* Mss. *solares annos.* *Accommodant.* Mss. *adcom...* *Juxta hanc.* Vocem *hanc* omittunt Mss.

Page 488. *Sive potius sanctionis ignari.* Hæc desunt. *Perquirunt.* Mss. *perquirant.* *Recedunt.* Mss. *recesserunt.* *Ut quando.* Mss. *ut quam.* *Religionis.* Addunt Mss. *a tantorum pontificum constitutione.* *Prorsus.* Deest. *Observatione.* Mss. *devotione.* *Terrarum orbe.* Mss. *orbe terrarum.* *Labor est.* Mss. *est labor.* *Secundum.* Mss. *sanctum.* *Nicæum.* Mss. *Antiochiam.* *Protulerant.* Mss. *protulerunt.* *De Eccl. pelkendos.* Mss. *expellendos de Ecclesia.* *Seorsim.* Mss. *seorsum.* Sed plur. Mss. *sed etiam.* *Exstiterit.* Mss. *exstit..* Illi *qui.* Mss. *illos qui.* *Dei.* Abest. *Quid velit.* Mss. *aliquid.* *Ut oportet.* Mss. *sicut op..* *Serventur.* Mss. *servantur.* ^{A B}

Page 489. *Indicitur.* Mss. *inditur.* *Despexerit.* Mss. *disp..* *Relatione.* Mss. *revelatione.* *Athanasii.* Add. Mss. *Episcopi.* *epist. sancti Prot.* Mss. *Proterii epistola Alex..* *Domini.* Add. Mss. *Nostri Jesu Christi.* *Sive.* Mss. *qui.* *Cæterique.* Mss. *cæteri æque.* *Simili.* Mss. *similes.* *Requirantur.* Mss. *requirentur.*

VARIOUS READINGS ON THE EPISTLE OF DIONYSIUS ON THE CALCULATION OF EASTER, page 489.

*Titulus.* Incipit disputatio Dionysii Exigui. *Observantiæ.* Mss. *Reverentia.* *Oppugnationem.* Mss. *obpugnantiam.* *Chalced...* Mss. *Calcid.* *Huic præsenti.* Mss. *hæc pr..* *Decreta.* Mss. *decrevit.* *Quod vero in.* Mss. *quia vero scriptis.* ^C

Page 490. *Volentibus.* Add. Mss. *veritatem.* *Paternæ regulæ.* Mss. *paternæ regulæ.* *Digerere.* Mss. *degerere.* *Cyclo.* Mss. *circulo.* *Incipit, etc.* Mss. *incipit anno ciclo decemnovennali.* *Embolismis.* Mss. add. *vero.* *Quia.* Mss. *quod.* *Anni solaris.* Mss. *solis annum.* *Videtur solarem.* Mss. *sol. vid.* *Circuli.* Mss. *cicli.* *Trecenti.* Mss. *tric..* *Octogeni.* Mss. *octuageni.* *Quadrans.* Mss. *quadrantes.* *Hendecadis.* Mss. *hendecades.*

Page 491. *Detrim. Comp.* Mss. *comp. detr.* *Dies unus.* Mss. *unus dies.* *Cycli.* Mss. *circuli.* *Finem ejus.* Mss. *ejusdem.* *Præfixos dies.* Mss. *dies non fixos.* *Ratiocinationis.* Mss. *rationis.* *Circulus XI.* Mss. *cyclus XI.* *Quot sunt dies.* Mss. *q. d. s.* *Definitionem.* Mss. *deff.* ^D

Page 492. *Colligemus.* Mss. *colligentur.* *Quod quær.* Mss. *quam.* *Communis annus.* Mss. *an.. com..* *Quia regula.* Mss. *quæ reg. anno dec..* Vox *anno* deest, et deinceps. *Sunt dies.* Mss. *fiunt d.* *Quia communis est.* Mss. *qui communis annus est.* *Et sic deinceps, vel qui embolismus annus est.* *Ultima perioche* deest in Mss. ac præsertim Colberteo, in quo sequentia subduntur.

XXIII. OF THE PASSOVER OF THE JEWS.

"After two days shall the Passover be," that is, it was fitting for the Passover of the Jews to be at the equinox, that is, on the 7th of the Kalends of April; so that in the latest equinox, there might be the renewal of the world and redemption through the death of Christ; because it was at the equinox that the world’s creation and composition occurred, so that the two formations might not be disparate from one another. Furthermore, the same duration was made by the power of God on the first three days and nights. But the sun adds the course of the days when it has shone upon the world for 14 days. The moon, on the contrary, took away the course of the nights. For indeed, in veneration and honor of the latest equinox and of the Passover of Christ, the first construction of the world was foreshadowed and made at the first equinox. Also at the equinox, the resolution and redemption of Israel from the slavery of the Egyptians occurred, so that at that same equinox after the 12th of the Kalends of April, He commanded the children of Israel to celebrate the Passover. This is a type of the future Passover of Christ in all things from the beginning unto the end. For the type of Christ is the lamb that was slain. And the lamb is eaten daily by 6 men, that is, by the 6 grades of the Church. Know, however, this great mystery of God. For indeed it is not surprising if the judgment of 481 happened, if the equinox coincided, which is the 8th of the Kalends of April, a Friday, ^A the 13th day of the moon, and the Resurrection on the 16th day of the moon after the 12th of the Kalends of April, which is the vernal equinox, which is the beginning of the solar year, and before this beginning the Passover is not made among the Hebrews, Greeks, and Latins, except in the error that the Lord's Day, on which light was made, was before the 12th of the Kalends of April, which is on the night of the 2nd feria in the year of the cross, but the 11th of the Kalends of April was the 1st feria, and the 10th of the Kalends of April the 1st feria, on which it was said: "After two days shall the Passover be." Then others agree that it is done so after two days, that is, the completion and integrity of the two Testaments of the Passover and the crossing over to the kingdom of God, concurring on the 6th feria at the equinox, the 13th day of the moon, and the solemnity of the Resurrection on the Lord's Day of the whole human race, from which race the rod from the root of Jesse went forth; which rod redeemed Israel from Egypt; which was turned into a serpent, so that the Israelites might be liberated from Egypt, for that serpent persuaded man, that is, the de ^B vil, death. If therefore there is death from the serpent, the rod is turned into a serpent, Christ into death, the serpent is lifted up on the wood so that it might heal the wounds of the bodies of those looking upon the bronze serpent, and might loosen the slavery of the Israelites serving in Egypt. Thus men were healed by Moses of poisons from the serpents by looking upon a great sacrament. What is it to be healed by looking at the serpent, if not to believe in the dead Christ, to be healed from the death of sins, so that the people might be liberated from Egypt through the rod turned into a serpent and the lamb slain in the Passover, that is, Christ into death. Thus the whole human race is liberated from the Passover of the Passion; who is the true serpent slaying the serpent the devil, and devouring the rods of the magicians and philosophers and ministers of the devil. What then of the rod turned into a serpent, and God commanding him to hold it, and Moses became terrified and fled; since Christ was put to death, the disciples became terrified and fled. "Catch it by the tail," catch the posterior parts, and like that, "thou shalt see my hinder parts." At first, Christ was made a serpent. But the tail being held, it was made a rod. At first He was slain, afterwards He rose again. The tail being held, He was seen by Cephas, then seen by XI. And now in the tail of the serpent the end of the age is signified, because the mortality of the human race walks through the death brought in by the devil; but at the end of the age, as we return from the tail to the hand of God, we are made the stable kingdom of God. But after all these things, let us say briefly that the Passover was never made among the Jews before the 10th of the Kalends of April; because the moon born on the 8th of the Ides of March, is the 13th on the 10th of the Kalends of April. Observe therefore the lunar course according to the rule of the Greeks in the manner of the Egyptians, and not according to the epacts, that is, the lunar additions: because there one arrives from the XII moon to the XVI; here, however, to the XV, according to the composition of Joseph, who first writes out the cycle of 19 years, of Athanasius, Theophilus, Cyril, and Dionysius Exiguus, until Victorias wrote for Pope Hilary, bishop of the city of Rome. Then the Alexandrian and Antiochene disputants ceased to write cycles after others. ^C

XXIV. ARGUMENTS OF THE EGYPTIANS, OF WHICH DIONYSIUS EXIGUUS REMEMBERS IN HIS LETTER TO PETRONIUS, AND VICTORIUS IN HIS PASCHAL CANON.

The calculation begins on how one can find the day of the week for the 14th paschal moon every year, that is, in the first year of the nineteen-year cycle, because it does not have lunar epacts for the reason that with the nineteen ^D of the inferior year XVIII, and its XI epacts, with one day also added by the Egyptians, they became XXX, that is, one complete month of the moon, and nothing remains of the epacts. And because in the month of April in that year the paschal moon 1 occurs, hold the regulars in it always as XXXV. Subtract XXX, that is, the complete moon itself, V remain. On the fifth day from the Kalends, that is, the Nones of April, the 14th paschal moon occurs. Keep the aforementioned V. Add also the concurrents of the same year V. They become X. Divide these by VII, that is, seven times 1, VI remain. Therefore the 14th paschal moon falls on the third feria, and the Lord's Day of the paschal feast on the 18th day of the moon. Likewise the second year of the aforementioned cycle, from which the epacts XI take their beginning, and in the same year the paschal moon occurs on the 10th of March. Hold the XXXVI regulars in it always. Subtract the XI epacts, XXV remain. On the twenty-fifth day of the month from the Kalends of March, which is the 5th of the Kalends of April, the paschal moon occurs, that is, the 14th. Keep the aforementioned XXV. Add the concurrents of the same year VI, they become XXXI. Always add the III regulars at the end of this month. Divide them by VII, that is, seven times 5, XXXV, the 14th paschal moon occurs and the Lord's Day of the paschal feast is the 15th of the moon. Again in the month of April often

of the said first cycle, year I. Always keep in it for that month 35. Subtract the epacts of the same year, 32 remain. From the 33rd, on the 13th day of the month, that is, the Ides of April, occurs the paschal moon 482. Keep these 13. Add the concurrents 7, it becomes 20. Add in April always the regular 7 below, it becomes 27. Divide these by 7, seven times 3 is 21, 6 remain. It will be the 6th feria for the 14th paschal moon, and the 16th moon will be the Lord’s day of Easter. Thus you will calculate for each year from the first year up to the 18th year. If at any time in the month of March the 11th paschal moon occurs, you should always keep the 36 regulars in the beginning, from which you subtract the epacts of the solar year you wish, and add the concurrents, and at the end always keep the 3 regulars for the increases. But in the month of April always keep 35 at the header; from which, as above, you [subtract] the epacts, and with the additions of the same year current, you will calculate all the paschal arguments more broadly or briefly. Let this, however, further be known to the reader: as often as it happens in both months written above in the first rule that, with the epacts subtracted, more than 30 remain, dismiss 30. But if one or two or more remain, so many days of that same month from the Kalends will be the 12th paschal moon. But when, with the epacts subtracted, less than 30 remain—as, for example, 20, or more or less—then that many days of the month from the Kalends, the 10th paschal moon occurs. For if, with the epacts subtracted, 30 still remain, which it is manifest happens once in every nineteen years, it will be the 13th paschal moon on the 30th day from the Kalends.

XXV. CONCERNING THE TRIPLE ERA OF THE GREEKS, AND THAT WHICH THE AUTHOR OF THE PASCHAL CHRONICLE USES.

The opinions of the ancient Christians, indeed, who compiled the times of the world from the authority of the Seventy, are quite varied. In later centuries, all that diversity narrowed down to two or three peaks. Therefore, a triple era of the Greeks is celebrated. The first is that which deems there were 5493 years from the beginning of things to the birth of Christ. The second assigns that same year to the year of the world 5501. The third to the year 5509. This last is the most famous of all, which the Church of Constantinople and all subject to it use. Thus, in the Code of Oriental Law, the edicts of the emperors are registered by this era. Then the Alexandrian Chronicle—and finally, the more recent Greeks—employ that one: the second is used by George the Monk, Theophanes, Nicephorus, and before them Saint Maximus the Monk, which we said in the previous ^B section was of the ancient writer Africanus. But the first, the Egyptian monk Panodorus, who lived during the reign of Arcadius, embraced, and, as I believe, was its author. For George Syncellus relates that he asserted Christ was born in the year of the world 5493.

And we shall make manifest the origins of these three intervals and the errors of Scaliger and others in discussing them. Three things are to be noted in these. First, the beginning of the years, because some begin the years from autumn, others from spring. Second, the birth of Christ, in which, as in a common terminus, those computations end. Third, the characters of the cycles attributed to each year. Their difference is greatly necessary in the triple computation of the Greeks, from the neglect or ignorance of which a manifold error is admitted.

As regards the beginning of the years, therefore, others, as we said, enumerate their years from the creation of the world so as to establish their beginning in the spring month. The writer of the Alexandrian Chronicle, who follows the third era, that is, beyond 5500, extends the birth of Christ, and professes to derive the head of the years from the vernal equinox and March 21st: yet imprudently he sometimes starts from September, which fact both confuses the Chronicle itself and confounds the reader’s mind.

Lo, he relates that Christ was baptized [p. 209] in the year of the world 5536, January 6th, Indiction 1, in the fifteenth of Tiberius, Rufus and Rubellinus being consuls. But shortly after, he teaches that the following year, 5537, begins from March 21st [p. 211], in the same first indiction. Then he notes more openly later, in the second indiction, the eleventh year of Tiberius ^C [p. 211], the year of the world 5538 from the creation of the world, and repeats its beginning from March 21st.

But the same battle in which he first attributed Passover to the year of the world 5537, which he also said began on March 21, he immediately after counts as the year 5556 [p. 241]. Nor is this an error of the scribes: for both the division of that number by 19 to elicit the cycle, and the investigation of the solar epacts, demonstrate that the year itself, which he had thought to be 5537 from the beginning of the world, he soon established as 5536.

Furthermore, the same author writes [p. 215] that from the creation of the world to the 21st day of March of that year in which Christ was baptized, of the first indiction, 5537 years are gathered, and immediately, in the second indiction, in the 14th of Tiberius, the year 5538 is begun from March 21st, the ninth year of the lunar cycle, and the 22nd solar. Manifestly, the year 5538 begins from March 21st, of the 483rd Julian year, in which Christ was baptized by John; it was five cycles ahead of the Roman, with 10 for the sun, letter B, in the year of the world 5537, and after three months, in the second indiction, in the 16th year of Tiberius, the world 5558, he celebrated the first Passover [p. 210]: whose fourteenth moon occurred on April 15th, the sixth feria. Therefore, the cycle was the same as before, namely 10 for the sun, but 11 for the moon. These two, with the second indiction, cannot belong to any other year than 4742 of the Julian period, as can be understood from Methodius, book 7, chapter 9. Therefore, in the same Julian year, the year of the ^D world 5537 ended, and on March 20th and the following day, the year 5538 began. Yet that very year 5558 was thought to be nothing other than 5536. Wherefore that writer had a double beginning of the year in mind, and through imprudence mixed them both. The Constantinopolitan year along with the indiction begins from September. The Christian year which the author of the Chronicle professes to use starts from March 21st, six months after the civil. Wherefore Christ was baptized in the year of the world 5537, from September; but from March, 5556. The Chronicle, however, preposterously thought that year 5537 [p. 196 and 298] began from March: whence on the 20th day of the following March, 5538 began. For that the matter is so stands manifest from here, since he asserts that Christ was born in the current year of the world 5507, in the consulship of Lentulus and Piso. But after these consuls, he adds 31 years: to the last of which, namely that of Rufus and Rubellinus, he ascribes the baptism. If you add 31 to the years 5507 current from September, the year 5538 will originate from September. But that writer, as if the year 5537 proceeded from March, thought 5538 did not begin from the following September, but from March. These things cannot be disentangled otherwise than by this probable con-

conjecture. Although in that entire chronological disputation regarding the birth and passion of Christ he is wondrously perplexed, and he dissimulates and suppresses two years, which shall be declared in its proper place. From the same hallucination, he likewise begins the indictions, which he had written are to be started from September, from March [p. 187]. For he teaches that the indiction 11, along with the sixteenth year of Tiberius and the year of the world 5538, starts from the twenty-first of March [p. 215].

XXVI. ON THE TWO EPOCHS OF CHRIST, ACCORDING TO THE OPINION OF PANODORUS AND DIONYSIUS, AND OF ISAAC, OR OF MORE RECENT WRITERS.

There will be some who think that a third [epoch] should be added to those two, which calculates the year of the incarnation and birth from Adam 5507, which some authors use, as the Alexandrian Chronicle does, while Cedrenus, who asserts that this happened in the year 5506, uses one less; and he contends that those who assign the birth of Christ to the year 5500, and the passion to 5533, are in error. But I do not judge this era to differ from that which is Isaac’s, but rather that in the same computation they set a different year for the incarnation—for instance, that they advance the common era by a biennium—and if we can obtain nothing certain concerning the opinion of both those men, [it is] besides that they ignorantly mix everything and use those characteristics which cannot be reconciled with one another. Add chapter 5.

XXVII. THE METHOD OF EPACTS AND THE REASONING FOR INVESTIGATING THE NEW MOON, WHICH THE AUTHOR OF THE PASCHAL CHRONICLE USES.

The Alexandrian Chronicle explains in several places the method of epacts and the reasoning for investigating the new moon [p. 75], which it indeed deduces from the month of March, and from its twenty-first day. For by fixed law it adds the first twenty days to the epacts. It does not, however, calculate the epacts in the same way [p. 199]. For elsewhere, in popular calculation, it adds ten to the current golden cycle of the moon [p. 216], while at other times, according to the prescription of Dionysius, Bede, and other computists, it adds ten to the cycle of the previous year. For example, in the year of the world 3838, in which it records the Exodus, it counts the cycle of the moon as 19, and attributes 30 epacts to it; this is the common method of epacts. But in the year 5507, to which it assigns the birth of Christ, it computes the cycle of the moon as 16, but the epacts as 15. Where it calls the epacts the days remaining from the previous year, which has now passed, just as Dionysius and Bede are accustomed to use them. Thus, to cycle 10 it assigns 9 epacts, and to cycle 9 it assigns 26 epacts. Therefore, in this way, since the reasoning of the epacts proceeds from March, and the remaining days of the past year are assumed, the Scaligerian method will be false, because it thinks for that reason the era is curtailed by 14 years, so that the progression of epacts having been made from September, the new moons might be rendered to their own days. For in that teaching of the Chronicle, the epacts alone, without those regulars, when joined with the days of the month, exhibit the new moons in the first month. In the others, regulars are used: namely, 1 for April, 1 for May, etc., 6 for September. Let us teach this with one or another example. Let the Dionysian cycle be 10, the Constantinopolitan 10; the epacts from the Alexandrian Chronicle will be 9. Furthermore, these, with the twenty-first day of March, give 31, or the new moon. But in September, the same epacts ^A with the fifteenth day of September and the regulars 7, will make just as many days, namely 31. Likewise, with the Dionysian cycle 11 and the Constantinopolitan 9, the epacts 28, according to the method of the Alexandrian Chronicle, with the third of March, give the new moon. In September the same epacts 15, with the regulars 6 and the ninth day of September, show the same new moon. It appears, therefore, that there is no need for any mutilation of the computation to produce the lunar epacts, which with the days of the month and the regulars exhibit the new moons: since that common era, in which the Dionysian Nativity falls in the year 5509, produces epacts suitable for the lunar method without any diminution. But if the calculation of the epacts began from September, then indeed, by adding three to the Dionysian cycle, epacts would be propagated which would consist of the days of the month and, besides, one regular, 31. But it does by no means follow from this that the Constantinopolitans mutilated this computation for the sake of that matter, since, as we have shown, the common year of the Nativity does not fall in the year 5495 of that curtailed era, but in 5493. Finally, if you were to form the epacts in the common manner in the same era whose year 5509 matches the common Nativity—adding ten to the cycle of the current year—then, besides the epacts, regulars will have to be assumed, and indeed more of them, as happens in the Dionysian cycle, in which the epacts that arise from the golden numbers require regulars for all the numbers. Let the Dionysian cycle be 9, the Constantinopolitan 7, the epact 17, with the 16th day of the month, they leave 5. Therefore, the regulars 26 must be added. But this method is less probable than the former.

XXVIII. THE METHOD FOR PASCHAL LIMITS, OR FOR ASCERTAINING THE JEWISH PASSOVERS, WHICH THE AUTHOR OF THE PASCHAL CHRONICLE USES.

There is also another method of the Greek computists to be known for Paschal limits, or for ascertaining the Jewish passovers, which the Alexandrian Chronicle follows: to which that which is in...

I think it read by Andrew of Jerusalem, whose explanation will contribute not a little to those things which have been explained in the preceding chapters. He commands that, having distributed the years from Adam by nineteen, one should find the cycle of the moon and the epacts agreeing with it. Then, to these, one should add the eleven days ^A *tōn pro tōn phōstērōn*, which precede the luminaries. Likewise the *proselēnoi*, the ante-lunar [days]. Then, for completing the fourteenth [day], as many days as are needed must be added. The method is easy: from the Kalends of March to the seventh day, which is the first Paschal Neomenia, there are seven days. For this reason they are called *proselēnoi*, because they precede the first Neomenia. Then to the twentieth of March are the twelve days which are called *pro tōn phōstērōn*, because they immediately precede the first and closest of all the fourteenth [days], which is the twentieth of March. Moreover, the opposition of the luminaries was thought by them to be at the Paschal term. Therefore, without complications, it could be prescribed that the twenty-first day be added to the epacts. Now, if the summed total of the days is less than XLIV, add the remainder until you complete XLIV: whatever has been added, after the twentieth of March ^B if XLIV days or even more are numbered, add only as many days as is necessary so that, with the days removed, fourteen remain: and begin to reckon that very thing which you have added after the twenty-first of March. For any fourteenth day falling before the twenty-first of March is not yet Paschal, and for that reason the calculation must be propagated further. Let the Constantinopolitan cycle be XIV, which is the Roman XVI; the epacts are IV, which with the twentieth of March make XXIV. But so that, with the full syzygy removed, fourteen days remain, add XX: they become XLIV days. Furthermore, those additional XX arrive from the twentieth of March to the ninth of April: on which day the Paschal XIV agrees with the Nicene lunar cycle XVI. Again, with the Constantinopolitan cycle V, the Roman VIII, the epact is XXV, which with the twentieth day of March gives XLV. Therefore, so that LXXIV days exist, XXIX must be added, becoming LXXIV. With LX removed, fourteen remain. Moreover, with XXIX added to the twenty days of March, and with the thirty days of March deducted from the sum of XLIX, there remains the eighteenth of April, on which the Nicene Paschal term falls, for cycle VIII.

XXIX. 485 LIST OF MACEDONIAN MONTHS WHICH THE WRITER OF THE PASCHAL CHRONICLE, AS ALSO WRITERS OF CHRISTIAN ANTIQUITY, ARE ACCUSTOMED TO CONFUSE WITH SYRO-MACEDONIAN OR ANTIOCHENE ONES.

Audynaios, January. Peritios, February. Dystros, March. Xanthikos, April. Artemisios, May. Daisios, June. ^C Panemos, July. Loos, August. Gorpiaios, September. Hyperberetaios, October. Dios, November. Apellaios, December.

APPENDIX TO THE ROYAL PARISIAN EDITION. ON THE CONSULAR FASTI OF THE CHRONICLE UP TO THE SIXTEENTH YEAR OF TIBERIUS.

The Alexandrine Chronicle has a list of consuls differing in many respects from other lists. The first consuls are placed in this Chronicle (1) at Ol. 85, 1. *In the 85th Olympiad. From this time the Roman consuls began to be named and to manage Roman affairs for 434 years, that is, until the second year and the year 183 of the Olympiad, by the consulship of Lepidus and Plancus, that is, also in the 1st year of Gaius Julius and the sixth of Cleopatra*. ^D *Names of the consuls in Rome. 31st [31st Artaxerxes Longimanus], consulship of Brutus and Collatinus*, which is placed in Ol. 85, 1. This author fixes the first Olympiad nearly at its true date, B.C. 776, and the foundation of Rome at Ol. 7, 4, five years below the date of Varro (2): so that in the date assigned to the first consuls there is a metachronism of about 65 years. The consuls Laevinus and Coruncanius, who entered upon their consulship [in the 1st Olympiad, Jotham king of Judah was taken]. According to this computation, Ol. 1, 3 = 1st Jotham; and the 16th of Jotham is in A.M. 4749; *after Uzziah, Jotham his son reigned for 16 years. In total 49*. Therefore the 1st Jotham and Ol. 1, 3 would fall in A.M. 4734, and the 51st Uzziah and Ol. 1, 1 in A. M. 4732. The nativity of Christ is placed p. 263 [ed. Bonn. p. 194, 2]. *At the consulate of Lentulus and Piso in the 5507th year of the creation of the world*. But 5507 - 4752 = 775. The dates therefore are consistent. His date for the

foundation of Rome is given p. 259 [ed. Bonn. p. 204. 2] «Ῥῶμος καὶ Ῥῆμος κτίζουσι τὴν Ῥώμην.» The date of Varro coincides with Ol. 6, 3, and of the Marbles with Ol. 6, 4. From another notice of this author, his era for the foundation of Rome: Olymp. 277, 3. «Ἔτους τα' τῆς εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀναλήψεως τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ κε' τῆς ἑαυτοῦ βασιλείας Κωνσταντίνος πόλιν κτίσας, Κωνστ. κέκληκε πρὸ πέντε Ἰδῶν Μαΐων τῇ ια' Ἀρτεμισίου μηνός. Εἰσὶν ἀπὸ κτίσεως Ῥώμης ἕως οὗ Κ. πόλις ἀνεκαινίσθη ἔτη απ'.» Constantinople was dedicated May 11, A. D. 330, U. C. Varr. 1083. But 1080 - 529 = B. C. 751. Africanus, according to Syncellus, placed the first Olympiad at the first year of Ahaz. It might therefore have commenced in the last year of Jotham. If the author of the Chronicle intended to express that Africanus placed it in the beginning of Jotham's reign, he probably gave an erroneous representation. It appears from the Armenian copy of Eusebius p. 519, that the author of the Chronicle transcribed this passage «ἡ πρώτη Ὀλυμπιάς, κ. τ. λ.» from Eusebius himself: who therefore gave this erroneous representation of the Chronology of Africanus. «Ὁ ἡμέτερος κανὼν» accordingly means the canon of Eusebius. See Scaliger prolegom. p. 6, 7 [Addit. p. 567].

(5) Their consulship in reality perhaps coincided with Ol. 124, 4, [125. 1]. Lavinus and Coruncanius. B. C. 270. Genucius and Cornelius omitted. B. C. 237. Caudinus and Flaccus om. (5). B. C. 174. Albinus and Scævola om. (6). B. C. 141. Servilius and Pompeius om. after Vatia and Pulcher B. C. 79. he interpolates Κλαυδίου καὶ Σερβιλίου. B. C. 75. Octavius and Cotta om. (7). ted by the transcriber.

The consulships by these omissions are gradually carried back till they are placed in the fifth year before their true date. Sometimes the facts recorded in the Chronicle remain fixed to their Olympic year, while the consuls have fallen back; and thus the transactions are disjoined from the consuls to which they belong, to the great confusion of hi- ^A story. The reign and death of Cæsar are thus described (8):

ρπγ' Ὀλυμπιάς. ε'. [5th Cleopatra] ὑπ. Πάνσα καὶ Ἱρτίου. Γάϊος Ἰούλιος Καῖσαρ πρῶτος Ῥωμαίων ᾑρέθη μονάρχης. Τὰ Ῥωμαϊκὰ πράγματα ἐδιοικήθη ὑπὸ Βρούτου καὶ Κολλατίνου καὶ τῶν μετ' αὐτοὺς ὑπάτων ἐπὶ ἔτη τηγ', ἤγουν τοῦ παρόντος πέμπτου ἔτους Κλεοπάτρας, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἔτος Γαίου Ἰουλίου Καίσαρος καὶ τῶν προκειμένων ὑπάτων.

ρπδ' Ὀλυμπιάς. θ'. [9th Cleopatra] 4th year of Cæsar. [the consuls are wanting]. ι'. [10th Cleop.] ὑπ. Πούλχρου καὶ Φλάκου, 5th year of Cæsar, Γάϊος Ἰούλιος Καῖσαρ ἐν Ῥώμῃ ἐσφάγη.

A metachronism of five years in these events, as compared with the consulships to which they are ^B referred.

With the exception of these omissions (producing these consequences), the list of consuls in the Chronicle, from B. C. 280, to the reign of Augustus, corresponds with the list obtained from the other testimonies; with only such variations as might arise, for the most part, from a transcriber in expressing Roman names in Greek characters.

From the consulship of Agrippa and Gallus, the list of consuls in the Chronicle varies so much from the true list, that a view of both is necessary to be given. The following columns exhibit the true list of consuls and the list of the Alexandrine Chronicle. That list begins, as we have seen, five years too high: which produces a metachronism of five years in assigning the first year of Augustus (9).

^C Ol. B. C. 185 4 37 Agrippa and Gallus. 186 1 36 Poplicola and Nerva. 2 35 Cornificius and Pompeius. 3 34 Libo and Antonius.

Ol. Aug. CHRON. ALEX. 185 4 1 Agrippa and Gallus. 186 1 2 Poplicola and Nerva. 2 3 Cornificius and Pompeius. 3 4 Antoninus and Libo

(4) In reality, five years omitted; but, as one year is interpolated, this leaves an actual deficiency of four consulships. (5) The three years, Γράκχου καὶ Φάλκωνος, Καυδίνου καὶ Φλάκου, Καυδίνου καὶ Οὐάρου, became Γράκχου καὶ Φλάκου, Κλαυδίου καὶ Οὐάρου. (6) because Exedlou preceded [B. C. 175.], and Albini followed [B. C. 173]. (7) on account of Cotta following [B. C. 74.] and Octavius preceding [B. C. 76], Οκταβίου καὶ Κουρίωνος, Οκταβίου καὶ Κούττου, Λουκούλλου καὶ Κούττου, became Οκταβίου καὶ Κουρίωνος, Λουκούλλου καὶ Μικούττου. (8) P. 260 [ed. Bonn. p. 555, 14]. (9) The Chronicle ascribes to Cæsar five years, and to Augustus 56; computing the reign of Augustus from the death of Cæsar. The two reigns therefore are 5 + 56 = 61 years. But these 61 years, being made to begin at the consulship of Hirtius and Pansa B. C. 43, instead of Cæsar and Isauricus B. C. 48, are compared ^D throughout with the wrong consuls.

SELECTA AD ILLUSTRATIONEM

| Ol. | B. C. | | Ol. | Aug. | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 187 | 3 | 33 Cæsar II and Tullas. | A | 5 | 5 Octavianus Augustus and Cicero. | | | 4 | 32 Ahenobarbus and Sossius. | | 1 | 6 Octav. Aug. II and Corvilius. | | 188 | 1 | 31 Cæsar III and Messala. | 186 | 1 | 7 Octav. Aug. III and Crassus. | | | 2 | 30 Cæsar IV and Crassus. | | 2 | 8 Octav. Aug. IV and Crassus II. | | | 3 | 29 Cæsar V and Apuleius. | | 3 | 9 Ahenobarbus and Sossius. | | | 4 | 28 Cæsar VI and Agrippa II. | | 4 | 10 Octav. Aug. V and Apuleius. | | 189 | 1 | 27 Cæsar VII and Agrippa III. | 187 | 1 | 11 Octav. Aug. VI and Agrippa. | | | 2 | 26 Cæsar VIII and Taurus. | | 2 | 12 Octav. Aug. VII and Agrippa II. | | | 3 | 25 Cæsar IX and Silanus. | | 3 | 13 Octav. Aug. VIII and Taurus. | | | 4 | 24 Cæsar X and Flaccus. | | 4 | 14 Octav. Aug. IX and Silanus. | | 190 | 1 | 23 Cæsar XI and Murena. | 188 | 1 | 15 Octav. Aug. X and Flaccus. | | | 2 | 22 Marcellus and Arruntius. | | 2 | 16 Octav. Aug. XI and Piso. | | | 3 | 21 Lollius and Lepidus. | | 3 | 17 Octav. Aug. XII and Arruntius. | | | 4 | 20 Apuleius and Nerva. | | 4 | 18 (12) Κέλτος and Tiberius. | | 191 | 1 | 19 Sentius and Lucretius. | 189 | 1 | 19 Lollius and Lepidus. | | | 2 | 18 Lentulus and Lentulus. | | 2 | 20 Apuleius and Nerva. | | | 3 | 17 Furnius and Silanus. | | 3 | 21 Saturnilus and Lucretius. | | | 4 | 16 Ahenobarbus and Scipio. | | 4 | 22 Lentulus and Lentulus. | | 192 | 1 | 15 Libo and Piso. | 190 | 1 | 23 Lentulus II and Cornelius. | | | 2 | 14 Crassus and Lentulus. | B | 2 | 24 Φούρνιος and Silanus. | | | 3 | 13 Nero and Varus. | | 3 | 25 Domitius and Ahenobarbus. | | | 4 | 12 Messala and Quirinus. | | 4 | 26 Libo and Piso. | | 193 | 1 | 11 Tubero and Maximus. | 191 | 1 | 27 Crassus and Lentulus. | | | 2 | 10 Antonius and Africanus. | | 2 | 28 Nero and Varus. | | | 3 | 9 Drusus and Crispinus. | | 3 | 29 Messala and Quirinus. | | | 4 | 8 Censorinus and Gallus. | | 4 | 30 Rubellius and Saturninus. | | 194 | 1 | 7 Nero II and Piso II. | 192 | 1 | 31 Maximus and Tubero. | | | 2 | 6 Veter and Balbus. | | 2 | 32 Africanus and Maximus II. | | | 3 | 5 Augustus XII and Sulla. | | 3 | 33 Drusus and Crispinus. | | | 4 | 4 Sabinus II and Rufus. | | 4 | 34 Censorinus and Gallus. | | 195 | 1 | 3 (10) Lentulus and Messalinus. | 193 | 1 | 35 Nero II and (13) Scipio II. | | | 2 | 2 Augustus XIII and Sylvanus. | | 2 | 36 Balbus and Veter. | | | 3 | 1 Lentulus and Piso. | | 3 | 37 Octavianus XIII and Sulla. | | 196 | A.D. 1 | Cæsar and Paullus. | | 4 | 38 Sabinus and Rufinus (Rufus). | | | 2 | 2 Vinicius and Varus. | 194 | 1 | 39 Octav. Aug. XIV and Sylvanus. | | | 3 | 3 Lamia and Servilius. | | 2 | 40 Lentulus and Piso. | | | 4 | 4 (11) Catus and Saturninus. | | 3 | 41 P. Cæsar and Paullus. | | 197 | 1 | 5 Magnus and Valerius. | | 4 | 42 Vinicius and Varus. | | | 2 | 6 Lepidus and Amantius. | C | 195 | 1 | 43 Lamia and Servilius. | | | 3 | 7 Creticus and Nerva. | | 2 | 44 Magnus and Valerius. | | | 4 | 8 Camillus and Nonius. | | 3 | 45 Lepidus and Plancus. | | 198 | 1 | 9 Sabinus and Camerinus. | | 4 | 46 Tiberius Cæsar and Capito. | | | 2 | 10 Dolabella and Silanus. | 196 | 1 | 47 Creticus and Nerva. | | | 3 | 11 Lepidus and Taurus. | | 2 | 48 Camillus and Quintilianus. | | | 4 | 12 Germanicus and Capito. | | 3 | 49 Camerinus and Sabinus. | | 199 | 1 | 13 Silius and Plancus. | | 4 | 50 Dolabella and Silanus. | | | 2 | 14 Sex. Pompeius and Sex. Apuleius. | 197 | 1 | 51 Lepidus and Taurus. | | | 3 | 15 Drusus and Flaccus. | | 2 | 52 Tiberius Cæsar II and Scipio. | | | 4 | 16 Taurus and Libo. | | 3 | 53 (14) Flaccus and Silanus. | | 200 | 1 | 17 Rufus and Flaccus. | | 4 | 54 Sextus and Sextus. | | | 2 | 18 Tiberius III and Germanicus II. | 198 | 1 | 55 Pompeius and Apuleius. | | | 3 | 19 Silanus and Norbanus. | | 2 | 56 Brutus (Drusus) and Flaccus II. | | | 4 | 20 Messala and Cotta. | | 3 | Tib. 1 Taurus and Libo. | | 201 | 1 | 21 Tiberius and Drusus. | | 4 | 2 Crassus (Flaccus) and Rufus. | | | 2 | 22 Agrippa and Galba. | 199 | 1 | 3 (15) Tiber. IV and Rufus (Drusus) II. | | | 3 | 23 Pollio and Veter. | | 2 | 4 Messala and Gratus. | | | 4 | 24 Cethegus and Varro. | | 3 | 5 Tiberius Cæsar IV and Drusus. | | 202 | 1 | 25 Lentulus and Agrippa. | | 4 | 6 (16) . . . | | | 2 | 26 Sabinus and Gætulicus | 200 | 1 | 7 Agrippa and Galba. | | | 3 | 27 Piso and Crassus. | | 2 | 8 Pollio and Veter. | | | 4 | 28 Silanus and Nerva. | | 3 | 9 Cethegus and Varus (Varro). | | 203 | 1 | 29 Rubell. Geminus and Fusius Geminus. | | 4 | 10 Agrippa II and Lentulus. | | | 2 | 30 Vinicius and Longinus. | 201 | 1 | 11 Getulicus and Sabinus. | | | | | | 2 | 12 Crassus and Piso. | | | | | 202 | D | 3 | 13 Silanus and Nerva. | | | | | | 4 | 14 Geminus and Geminus. | | | | | | 1 | 15 Rufus and Rubellinus. | | | | | | 2 | 16 Vinicius and Longinus. |

The deficiency of five years in the preceding period is here compensated by the interpolation of five consulships (17). Four years are restored to the reign of Augustus by four interpolations; and the metachronism, which was five years in the first year of his reign, in the 56th is reduced to one. Taurus and Libo, the second consuls of Tiberius, are in the Chronicle the first. Another interpolated year brings back the 16th of Tiberius to its true ^A place; and Vinicius and Longinus, his 16th consuls, are also the 16th in the Chronicle. When these interpolations are struck out, the two lists will nearly correspond, except in a very few instances, where the Chronicle has transposed the consuls. In the strange error of dividing the two Sexti and the two Gemini each into two years, the author concurs with Epiphanius, who has done the same thing (18).

(17) In reality seven pairs of consuls are interpolated, which are marked thus: but, as two are omitted, the overplus is thus reduced to five years. (18) Epiphanius in part agrees with the list of the Chronicle in the thirty pairs of consuls from B.C. 2, U.C. 752, to A.D. 28, U.C. 781. Although he is more free from error than the Chronicle. Having given those thirty consulships down to Silanus and Nerva inclusive, Epiphanius proceeds thus, p. 446, B: "The consulship of the two Gemini, then another consulship of Rufus and Rubellius." Then followed: "After the consulship of Rufus and Rubellius, the one called that of Vinicius and Longinus Cassius." P. 448, B: "The two consulships of both the two Gemini and that of Rufus and Rubellius."

SYLLABUS OF AUTHORS WHO ARE CITED IN THE PASCHAL CHRONICLE

Africanus, 104, 164, 165. Apollinaris, bishop of Hierapolis, 6. Apollonius the historian, 113. Artabanus, 64. S. Athanasius, 4, 221, 396. S. Augustine, 371. S. Basil, 203, 288, 355. Berosus, 23. Brutius, 38, 250. Callimachus, Aetia, 111. Charax, 112. Clement of Alexandria, 7, 137, 145, 219, 221, 232, 231. Clementina, 23, 28. S. Cyril, 48, 241, 242, 243, 350, 369. Diodorus, 44. Dionysius the Areopagite, 219. Ecclesiastes, 3. Book of Enoch, 21. Epiphanius, bishop of Cyprus, 23, 25, 26, 30, 255, 263, 266. Eupolemus, 91, 164. Euripides, 58, 43. Eusebius Pamphili, 217, 255. S. Gregory Nazianzen, 228, 353, 374. S. Gregory of Nyssa, 355. Herodotus, 47. Hesychius, 371. Hippolytus, martyr and bishop of Portus, 6. Homer, 37. S. Ignatius, martyr, 212. S. John Chrysostom, 235. ^B Josephus the historian, 23, 94, 102, 207, 209, 217, 224, 228, 230, 233, 247, 248, 249. S. Irenaeus, 250, 251, 257. S. Justin, martyr, 258. Leontius, bishop of Antioch, 270. Licinius the historian, 114. Magnus the chronographer, 379. Melito, bishop of Sardis, 259. Manetho, 46. Mercurius Trismegistus, 47. Musanus, 260. Nestorianus the chronographer, 324. Palaephatus, 44, 46. S. Paul the Apostle, 20, and elsewhere not once. Pausanias, 40. Peter, bishop of Alexandria, 1. Philo Judaeus [3rd Bonn edition], 228, 230, 249. Phlegon, 219, 222. Polyaenus the historian, 144. Priscus the Thracian, 318. ^C Semeronius the Persian, 38. Silvius the historian, 113. Socrates the historian, 371. Sosibius, 192. Sozomen, 371. Suetonius Tranquillus, 147. Council of Nicaea, 8. Tatian, 91, 232, 261. Tertullian, 229. Old and New Testament, passim. Theophilus, 41. Virgil, 113.

MATTHAEUS RADERUS’ ANNOTATIONS ON THE ALEXANDRIAN CHRONICLE