A who were practitioners of medicine, as fellow-travelers to Mesopotamia, he was overjoyed; and as he was about to be healed by them, as they themselves insisted, he completed the journey with them. And when they arrived at the place where he found the aforementioned monk living by the road, he took him up according to the signal previously agreed upon, and seating him upon the camel, they continued their journey. Along the way, the monk instructed him thoroughly in Arianism, while the Hebrews—having made the custom of circumcision a condition with him—persuaded Muhammad to choose their religion, provided only that he be healed by them. Having safely reached his own native country of Mesopotamia, he took the monk and the Jews and hosted them at his own house, giving the monk a separate, very small house near his own in which to reside. Since many disputes had arisen among them—both the monk with the Jews and those [the Jews] with him, each party insisting B by what means Muhammad had been taught their respective religion—the monk wished to be separated from Muhammad. But when he was entreated to remain, and to do whatever he (Muhammad) might ask, the monk made a horoscope regarding Muhammad, and finding that Muhammad would be great and would increase in power if he were to adopt some heresy and religion, he called Muhammad to him and said: "If you listen to my advice, you shall soon become great." And when he agreed to obey, he said to him: "When you fall to the ground and suffer a seizure, upon rising say that I fall because I cannot bear to look upon the face of the angel Gabriel as he approaches me and speaks to me, as you see me fall to the ground." And the monk, having seen that the local people were completely barbarian and superstitious, and ready to accept the trifles he intended to utter to them, said to those present who saw the one suffering the seizure: "Observe what is happening, for in seeing God and the angels, Muhammad becomes ecstatic." And when he rose, acting according to the monk’s suggestion, he said C that he fell because he was seeing an angel; and the monk called him a prophet, deceiving those who heard him. And when Muhammad’s wife was distressed, thinking that he might consume all her wealth, the monk, defending him to her, said: "Do not be troubled, for Muhammad is a great prophet." Upon hearing these things and believing them, as a woman will, she exhorted the other women and proclaimed that Muhammad was a great prophet. And the error, having passed from the women to the men, who were barbarians and very ignorant, the aforementioned person was believed to be a prophet of God.
As the monk saw his scheme progressing, he thought it necessary to give those people both a faith and a law, for the establishment, indeed, of Arianism and the other heresies for which he had been exiled. And sitting down, he wrote a book, that which is called the Quran, which is God’s law, having sown into it all his own impiety, teaching that God has neither Word nor Spirit, and that Christ is not God, but a great prophet, and he wrote many other trifles; and having given it to his disciple Muhammad, he proclaimed to those foolish people that this book had been sent down to Muhammad from heaven by the angel Gabriel while he was asleep. And they believed that it was so, just as the monk had insured regarding the new law. But the aforementioned Jews, being vexed with Muhammad and not wanting him to be healed, since he did not follow their religion entirely but rather the monk’s suggestions, and wishing to satisfy them as well, he accepted the custom of circumcision from the Jewish customs and the naming of the prophets alone; but as for what was written by Moses and the rest of the prophets, he did as the monk deemed best regarding these.
When these things had come to pass and the local inhabitants had believed in the new law of Muhammad, being at a loss for authority, by the suggestion of the monk, they made him their ruler, so that he was at once lawgiver, prophet, and king. Then, having created a military system, he began to plunder the surrounding villages. When report of this reached the Emperor Heraclius, he sent an army against him, and the Romans arrived there and killed Muhammad’s subordinates. But he himself, having fled with a few men, sent an embassy to the king, calling himself the king’s slave and asking that he be allowed to rest in one part of Ethiopia, offering to pay tribute to the king. And he, being persuaded, allowed this. D After the death of Heraclius, when many upheavals had occurred in the Roman Empire, Muhammad, finding an opening, began to plunder Syria. Then, having progressed from little or nothing to much on account of our sins, he destroyed much of the Roman Empire. After him, his successors completely destroyed, ravaged, and obliterated the remainder. This has been said in summary regarding all that is the truth. The End.
A for I think that in every single year he carries off no less than ten or fifteen thousand—I speak of fewer, so that you may believe it—souls! I would say fifty thousand, if you would believe it, and he compels them to deny Christ Jesus both by threats and by blandishments. But no small wonder rises in me if even one Christian is still found in those parts. For Corinth alone sends out every year thousands and thousands of ducats as a toll for captives passing from Gallipoli into Turkey. Oh, therefore, you sins of Christians, whither do you tend? Whither do you lead yourselves, to what servitude, to what opprobrium do you compel yourselves to be subjected? But why do I delay longer, most humane Father, why do I defer recounting the new—not new, but too often practiced—calamitous slaughter and tearful ruin of Christians, which we have seen in these days? The hand trembles, the eyes weep, the mind today shrinks from noting these things with paper and pen. Where is that prophet Jeremiah, who might lament not one city alone, but three, but four, but innumerable encampments and villages, a great and notable country, I say, most opulent in inhabitants and riches, now destroyed and reduced to ashes, namely in the month of August of the present year? I speak of the country of the faithful people who are called Saxons in the Transylvanian fatherland, which—as a brother tells me who was redeemed from the plunder—extended for a length of eight days and a width of three; which was previously called Septemsolia, but now I know not what it is called, unless perhaps a place of lamentation and weeping. Who, therefore, will give water to my head, that I might weep day and night, not for the walls and broken partitions, but for the innumerable souls carried off and now delivered to the devil to be devoured, whose number is said to reach thirty, and perhaps forty thousand? Oh! who would give me not the eloquence of Maro or of Tully to write—which would surely succumb in these matters—but rather the voice of thunder and the wings of the winds to ascend and fly over the land of the Christians, not merely that hearts of stone might be moved, but that the very mountains and valleys might be terrified by the magnitude of the cry? The wretched Christians do not hear these things, and perhaps, having heard, they will not believe. They heard, I believe, and more readily believed, that the Turk had been defeated; that this is not true, this clearly demonstrates, that already twice or thrice since then he has sent an army to those parts. But if it is also true that many of his own have not died—rather from labor, plague, and hunger than by the sword—what, I ask, is there to wonder at if, in an army of three hundred thousand men, some die; men whom you may also know to be for the most part Christians? For which reason, wherever you turn, you have abundant matter for lamentation. Where, then, are the churches in that country any longer, the crosses, chalices, missals, vestments? where are the relics of the saints? and what is greater than all, in many places, the consecrated body of the Lord? Alas! by what opprobrium, by what mockery, with what great delusion have they been cast down and trampled under foot? Where is now that God Almighty, who grew angry at King Balthasar for basely abusing the vessels of the temple of the Lord? Certainly, as it clearly appears, if He B remembers—as I believe He does, beloved Father—when we were sent by our most holy Lord the Pope to these parts and departed from Venice, where you also suddenly arrived returning from Jerusalem, how it was rumored there in recent days that the Hungarians had burned some ships of the Turks, and also had killed very many of them. These things, I say, were all true. But if you have heard since then—I know not—that because of this the Turk himself was angered, and approaching there personally with a large army, he carried away more than sixty thousand souls, as it is said, from the kingdom of Rascia, neighboring Hungary; of whom, if any even now remember Christ, it is uncertain. Do you wonder at this? But you would wonder and grieve much more that, for twenty-five or thirty years now, what he has done with no small damage to himself and shame to the governors. First of the Georgians, that is, the kingdom of Georgia is not small, where King Alexander reigns today, beyond Trebizond. Who can travel under the northern sky through the fatherland of the Russians and Ruthenians as far as the Maeotian marshes, which is called the sea of Abbachuc? I omit Circassia and Vogaria, Mingrelia, Wallachia, Patras near the sea, yet [all] under the rite of the Greeks. Of the Armenians I am silent, whom I hope you will soon see coming to Italy along with our father, Brother Jacob, to be reduced to the Catholic faith, [they being] of much easier conversion and more eager to grasp the truth than other nations, and most benevolent to the Latins. Furthermore, you will have known of innumerable Christians in the Cæsian mountains, and scattered here and there in Persia and Scythia, where the places of our brethren stand emptied of our brethren, still today living among the Tartars themselves. For which reason I consider not useless, but rather most opportune, your person and those like you in those parts, provided, however, that the sacred union is first celebrated, if God should permit. But, alas! alas! why do I commemorate these things, when one ought to weep much rather than hope for any good through the aforementioned? To weep, I say, from the depths of my heart, and to cry out to the stars, that the Almighty, pitying, might at some time oversee the deliverance of these parts, in the midst of which we almost are, and not look upon the sins of the people so long, until the name of Christianity is extinguished in the regions of the East and the North. They are failing, alas, daily, the Christians, and the followers of the devil are increasing both in number and in the strength of arms. For there is scarcely a city, citadel, or village, and there is scarcely a day, in which—both in Turkey and in Greece—not only by fear or threats, but much more by luxuries and honors, the most holy name of Christ is not denied, and Mahomet, the son of the devil, is exalted to the heights; and what perhaps you will wonder at, [it is done] sometimes by those who abounded in wealth, and honor, and the prudence of the world. But that I may be silent about past evils, for the telling of which I think no tongue could suffice, I will touch briefly upon what I myself recently inspected with my own eyes, that you might know and weep with me, and if you find any not stripped of every piety, you might compel them also to weep.
INDEX
Hippolytus Thebanus, historian, distinct from the martyr, concerning the time of the death of St. Stephen, 227. Homer, prince of poets, 7, 184, 195.
I Innocent I, Pope, letters to Arcadius, 259, 260. Isidore of Pelusium, disciple of St. Chrysostom, 98, 223, 258.
J Jamblichus, philosopher, concerning demons or angels, 107. Jeremiah, prophet, 287. Jesus, son of Sirach, 203. John (St.), apostle and evangelist, passim. John, astronomer, 300. John (St.) Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, passim, 2, 4, 8, 9, 12, 18, 27, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89, 91. In his oration on the exile of Adam, 123, 124, 125, 131, 132, 133, 157, 189, 209, 210, 212, 214, 215, 218, 219, 220, 223, 225, 226, 227, 236, 258, 259. John (St.) Climacus, or author of the Ladder, 112. John (St.) of Damascus, monk, passim, 8, 15, 16, 17, 21, 52, 65, 66, 71, 78, 80, 81, 82, 93, 98, 99, 100, 103, 107, 111, 208, 209, 221. John Scylitzes, or Curopalates, historian, 245, 246, 286, 293, 294, 297. John Zonaras, historian, 140, 286, 291, 297. John Xiphilinus, Patriarch of Constantinople, 325, 326. Job, patriarch, 116, 147. Joseph, patriarch, Prayer of, apocryphal book, 259. Josephus, Jew, historian, 1, 12, 40, 102, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 130, 135, 139, 143, 145, 148, 150, 155, 158, 163, 164, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 192, 198, 228, 234, 238. Julian of Halicarnassus, heretic, 243. Julian, emperor, the apostate, called ὁ παράφρων ("the madman"), 117, 128, 185, 199, 251, 253, 254. Julius Caesar, dictator, 201. Justinian the Great, emperor, 266, 272. Justin, philosopher and martyr, 4, 15, 19, 241. Juvenal, Bishop of Jerusalem, on the burial of the Blessed Virgin, 252, 270.
L Leo (St.), Roman pontiff, 271. Leo the Wise or Philosopher, emperor, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300. Leo, a learned man, Archbishop of Thessalonica, 291, 292. Libanius, sophist of Antioch, 258. Sacred books, of Solomon, apocryphal. See Esdras, Genesis, Josephus, Solomon. Book of the miracles of St. Basil, usually attributed to Amphilochius, 235. Luke (St.), evangelist, 236, 237, 281.
M Macarius (St.), abbot, in his epistles, 105, 255. Manes, heretic, 82, 111, 214. Marcus Antoninus, emperor, 241. Mark (St.), evangelist, 216. Mark, steward (oikonomos) and monk, who completed the Tetraodion of Cosmas, 298, in the notes. Matthew (St.), apostle and evangelist, 284. Maximus (St.), monk and confessor, 3, 5, 6, 25, 70, 71, 95, 110, 194. In the items he wrote concerning Thalassius. Metaphrastes. See Simeon. Methodius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 289. Michael Parapinakios, emperor, unskilled poet, 330. Michael Psellus, who is "the wise in reality" (ὁ σοφὸς τῷ ὄντι), 171, 181, 328, 330. Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 319. Moses, lawgiver of the Hebrews, passim up to pages 157, 160, 211.
N Nazianzen. See Gregory. Nectarius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 256. Nestorius, from Germanicea in Syria, Patriarch of Constantinople, heretic, 245, 260, 271. Nemesius, Bishop of Emesa, philosopher, on the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and other things, 64, 102, 165. Nicander of Colophon, Greek poet, on serpents, 25. Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople, "the renowned among patriarchs" (ὁ ἐν πατριάρχαις ἀοίδιμος), on angels offering our prayers, 137, 244, 287. Nyssenus. See Gregory.
O Origen Adamantius, Alexandrian presbyter, whom he calls "accursed and empty-minded" (κατάρατον καὶ ματαιόφρονα), 109, 162, 241, 242, 243, 271.
P Parva Genesis. See Genesis. Patricius, Bishop of Prusa, from the oration on St. Pionius, 17. Paul (St.), Apostle, often cited, 136, 213, 214, 217, 228, 229, 235, 236, 237, 239. Paul of Samosata, heretic, 244, 278. Paul of Sinope, on the madness of dogs, 63. Peter (St.), prince of the apostles, 124, 233, 236. Peter, writing to Faustus concerning the natal star, 26, 113. Philo, the Jew, 234. Philo the philosopher, Ecclesiastical History on the power of anathemas, 282, 283. Philolaus, Pythagorean philosopher, 20. Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 293, 297, 298. Plato, philosopher, 5, 202. Plotinus, follower of Plato, 70. Plutarch, philosopher of Chaeronea, 58, 131. Porphyry, Platonic philosopher, 107. Prayer of Joseph (προσευχὴ τοῦ Ἰωσήφ), apocryphal book, 239. Proclus, Patriarch of Constantinople, 260. Procopius, historian of Caesarea, 270. Psellus. See Michael. Ptolemy of Alexandria, astrologer, 134. Pyron, or Pyrrhon, writer of Annals; he wrote that Adam entered paradise after 40 days, 82. Pythagoras, philosopher, 202.
R Rufus, physician, writer on the cause of hydrophobia, 63.
S Sabellius, heretic, 213. Books of Solomon, King of the Jews, on angels and demons, on gemstones, etc., 182, 183, 184, 185. Scylitzes. See John Scylitzes. Serapion, mathematician, 243. Seth, inventor of the conversion of the year and other things, 121. Severianus, Bishop of Gabala, 67. Severus, an Acephalous heretic, 80, 271. Simeon or Symeon, Metaphrastes, 245, 252. Sophocles, poet, 202. Symmachus, 242.
T Tertullian, Latin writer, "a man famous in Rome" (ἀνὴρ ὁ ἐν Ῥώμῃ λαμπρός), 235. Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrrhus, 14, 19, 33, 63, 79. In Therapeutica, 80, 106, 132, 176, 179, 181, 187, 189, 192, 198, 211, 230, 261, 263, 270. Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia, 245. Theophanes the Confessor, chronographer, continuator of George Syncellus, 246, 287. Theophilus, Patriarch of Alexandria, 257, 258, 259. Theophylact, Archbishop of the Bulgarians, 210. Thucydides, historian, 202. Timothy, Patriarch of Alexandria, 271.
V Valens, astronomer, "the most accurate of astronomers" (ἀκριβέστατος ἀστρονόμων), 249. Valentinus, heresiarch, 111, 142.
X Xenophanes, philosopher, 20. Xiphilinus. See John.
Z Zonaras. See John. Zoroaster, King of the Persians or astrologer, 199.
1085 IN ANNALES MICH. GLYCÆ
INDEX OF MATTERS AND WORDS IN THE ANNALS OF MICHAEL GLYCAS, CHIEFLY OF NOTEWORTHY THINGS.
A Aaron, died on Mount Hor, 159. Abaris, a mountain, which is also called Nebo, 157, 159; Moses died upon it, 160. Habakkuk, or Abacuc, feeds Daniel in the lions' den, 202. Abel and Cain, concerning their typology, 119. What the name Abel means, 235. Why God regarded the sacrifices of Abel, 117. Abesatomus, or Absalom, his destruction, 178. What was the cause for Absalom to plot parricide, ibid. Abisai (Ab), or Abishag, David preserved by, 279. Abraham the astronomer, 131. How he was faithful, when he said: "Whereby shall I know that I shall inherit this land?" 134; how he was lesser than Melchizedek, 136. Abraham's constancy, 133. History, 131 et seq. Hospitality, 152. Meekness, 131. Obedience, ibid. From whence comes the name of Abraham, 134. Hawk, how it heals itself, 50. Acre, which was formerly called Joppa, 340. Ahab, his destruction, 189. Achar, son of Charmi, why he was stoned with his whole house, 168. Ahaz, son of Jotham, most impious, 192. Achior the Ammonite, 169. Achish the king, 176. Ahithophel's counsel, 178; his destruction, ibid. Acontias, the serpent, 58. Ada and Sillah, wives of Lamech, 122. Adam, was he created mortal and immortal at the same time? 87. Of what kind he was created by God, 85. Since he was previously immortal, how he subsequently became subject to destruction, 90 et seq. Why he was made mortal after the fall, 92. Created from other earth, placed in paradise, 67. Why God did not prevent Adam from eating of the tree of knowledge, 101. After the fall he knew Eve, and begets Cain, 110. When he was cast out of paradise, 120. In what way he was created mortal by God, 93, 94. Where he lived as an exile, and died, 120. From whence the appellation of Adam, 75. Concerning the condition of Adam, the words of the Council of Carthage, 95. Adam's body created incorruptible by God, 90. A discourse of Chrysostom concerning the exile of Adam, 91. Adam's children, 117. That Adam before the fall was free from passions, 93, 94. Why all animals were led by God to Adam, 81. Adonibezek, the punishment of the Canaanite leader, 162. Adrianople, the seat of the Turkish kingdom in Europe, 316. Hadrian the Emperor, 240. His destruction, ibid. Under Hadrian, the slaughter of the Jews, ibid. Egypt, upon the death of Alexander, to whom it fell, 202. Why the heart has no winter, 153. The plagues of Egypt, 151 et seq. In Egypt, what things were [provided] for the sake of charity in the famine, 145. Egyptians, inventors of geometry, 198. Struck by a multitude of lice, 151. The extreme superstition of the Egyptians, 50. Aelia, as Jerusalem is called, 210. For what reason, ibid. Aemilianus the Emperor, 244. Treasury's deficiency under Basil the Macedonian, 294. Aesculapius, when he lived, 163. His skill in the medical art, ibid. Summer, why the Nile overflows, 10, 16. Queen of the Ethiopians, the Sibyl, 183. How she tempted Solomon, ibid. What she gave to Solomon, 184. Air, that it is easily affected, 56. That in the sacred letters it is also called heaven, 8. Origin of natural affections, 93, 94. Agag, because he was spared, God is angry with Saul, 173. Agilei, subject to women, 113. Paschal Lamb, when it was accustomed to be slain, 228.
Agrippina, mother of Nero, killed by her tyrant son, 237. Elagabalus, see Heliogabalus. Alemana, married to Manuel Comnenus, 336. Her exceeding virtue, ibid. Alexander the Great, deceived by Candace, 141. Why Alexander is compared by Daniel to a leopard, ibid. He worships the high priest of the Jews, 142. At what age Alexander died, 141. The overthrower of the Persian kingdom, 202. Alexander's great-mindedness, 142. Chastity, ibid. Learning, ibid. Alexander's column on the island of the Brahmans, ibid. Division of the monarchy, 202. Alexander's eyes, one blue, one black, [after] his death was divided, 112. That Alexander performed a sacred rite to God in Jerusalem, 141. Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, 214. Alexander, son of Mamea, Emperor, 213. Alexander the monk, concerning the baptism of Constantine, 251. A refutation of the same, ibid. Alexandria, by whom founded, ibid. The separation of Alexandria from Constantinople, 263. Alexius Branas, 310. Alexius Comnenus, emperor, 332 et seq. Sent against Bryennius, 331. He dissipates the hostile Turkish forces, 335. Uses cautery, ibid. He dies, ibid. He recalls the Manichaeans to life, 335. Concerning the mother and wife of Alexius Comnenus, 331. The disease and cure of Alexius Comnenus, 335. How Rupert the Frank was deceived by Alexius Comnenus, 333. Alexius Ducas Murzuphlus, emperor, 342. His punishments, ibid. Alexius, son of the Emperor Isaac, 342. Captured by Alexius Ducas, ibid. His destruction, ibid. Alexius, patriarch, corrupted by gifts, 314. Allelengyon, removed by Argyropulus, 312. What kind of exaction the Allelengyon is, 310. Whence it was so named, ibid. Amalthea, the goat, 147. What the horn of Amalthea is, ibid. Amalthea's horn, daughter of Job, ibid. Whence so called, ibid. Amaziah the king, 192. His destruction, ibid. Amazons, unmarried, 143. Concerning canvassing [for office], the law of Marcian, 263. Ambrose, a disciple of Origen, 242. Ambrose's frankness, 257. Ammerigus, king of the Germans, 341. His perfidy, 337. Fidelity of a friend, 278. Ammon's incest with his sister, 178. Mutual love of spouses, 82. Amosus the king, 197. Amphilochius's opinion concerning the creation of the angels, 80. Amurath, son of Mahomet, 346. His destruction, 343, 348. Anabatianus, a book of the Cainites, 120. Anacharsis, burning with the love of chastity and virtuous exercises, 251. Anastasius Sinaita's allegory, 10, 53. Opinion on the creation of the angels, 80. Passage, 15, 21, 38, 49, 74, 86, 89, 93, 94, 99, 102, 105, 166, 182, 197. Anastasius Dicorus, Emperor, 264. His dream, 263. A distinguished deed, 265. His end, 265. Anatolius's counsel, 263. A striking likeness from anatomy, 154. Anaxagoras, when he lived, 202. His ravings concerning the stars, 20. Opinion concerning the sun, 21. Anaximander's ravings concerning the nature of the stars, 20. Opinion concerning the sun, 21. Anaximenes's opinion concerning the sun, ibid. Passage of Andrew of Crete, 86. Andromachus, inventor of theriac, 59. Andronicus Comnenus first escapes from prison, 338. How he reached Galiza, ibid. The empire and wickedness of the tyrant Andronicus Comnenus, 338. Incest with Theodora, [339]. Andronicus, son of John, Palaiologos, emperor, 343, 345. Andronicus the younger, having deposed his grandfather, [becomes] emperor, 341.
INDEX OF MATTERS AND WORDS
AAngels: the overseer of the life of every man, 337. The oath of the angels, 268. The change of the name of the angels in the case of Komnenos, 341. By an angel, one hundred and eighty-five thousand [were] slain in one night, 193. Angels, 76, 78. Ministers of the spirit, 137. What those ascending and descending Jacob’s ladder signify, ibid. Whether they were created before the creation of heaven and earth, or after, 110. How they are said to have eaten in the Holy Scriptures, 132. Whence the appellation of angels comes, 76, 77. The camps seen by Jacob, 138. Why the mention of the creation [of angels] is not explicit, 75, 76. Divergent opinions regarding the creation of angels, 79, 80. Whence the angels’ predictions of future events arise, 107. What the word signifies, 78. Given to us by the angels themselves, 77. What they signify in the angels, ibid. A passage of Nicephorus the Patriarch on the angels, 137. Moses buried by the angels, 158. On the angels of individuals, a passage from Basil, [ibid. reference note omitted]. The expedition of the English and French into Palestine, 311. The origin of eels, 44. Whether the soul is a participant in the divine essence, 68. One in man, endowed with diverse faculties, 69. The drier it is, the wiser it is, 74, 116. How it exists in the body, 71. The soul’s essence is incomprehensible, 72. The sudden convergence of soul and body in the maternal womb, and their sudden separation at the time of death, 73. Expert of soul, entirely dead, 72. Faculties of the soul, 70. How we attain growth, 83. Three parts, and 111 et seq. On the seat of the soul, the opinions of Aristotle and others, 71, 72. On the soul of brute animals, the error of the Manichaeans, 104. A timid soul, 37. Ephemeral animalcules, 38. Whence so called, ibid. Animals having a large heart, why they are timid: and on the contrary, why they are still unclean today, 168. How certain [animals are] unclean, though they received a common blessing with the rest at the beginning of things, 168. The keen senses of terrestrial animals, 49. None of the footless animals [are without], a certain natural prudence given by God, ibid. Brute animals do not labor under envy, 44. Whence Noah was able to discern clean animals from unclean, 126. The power of the senses in animals, 50. Why offspring in brute animals show more likeness to their parents than in humans, 56. The liberality of Anna the woman, 267. The Annals of John Skylitzes, 286. The high price of grain under Constantine Copronymus, 284. What a year is, 25. The diversity of years in numbers among the Hebrews and Greeks, 121. The calculation of the years of Paul’s preaching, 227. On the weeks of years according to Daniel, 205. That the heresy of the Anomoeans originated from Origen, 242. Watchful geese, 44. Rome saved by geese, ibid. Anthropophagi among the Indians, 143. The prodigies of the Antichrist, 156. Antigonus, after Alexander died, gained possession of Asia, 202. By whom Antioch was founded, ibid. The calamity of Antioch, 269. Why Phocas abstained from Antioch, 307. The empress’s statue thrown down by the Antiochians, 357. Antiochus Epiphanes, 202. The ruin of Antiochus Epiphanes, 202, 203. Antiochus Eupator, 203. How Antiochus the Ostiarius was circumvented, 267. Anti-pelargosis (mutual filial care), 41. Antonius Caracalla, emperor, 243. Antoninus Philosophus, emperor, 241. He sells the imperial world, ibid. The doctrine of Antoninus Philosophus, emperor, ibid. Antonius Pius, 241. Antonius, by Augustus in the naval battle defeated, 203. The error of the Appellians, 20. The worship of Apis by the Egyptians, 130. Why bees are extinguished by oil, 47. How they punish drones, 45. The republic of bees, 40, 45. The cause of the foam of boars, 63. Apochaudas defeated by Nicephorus, 304. Apollinarius, in which council was he condemned, 271. When he lived, 244. His heretical dogma, ibid. The dogma of Apollinarius, 70. The illusions of Apollonius, 239. Why the Apostles are greater than the patriarchs, 230. How many gifts of tongues they received, 226. Why they were only twelve at first, ibid. B Aspidochelone, a species of whale, 36. An image of the devil, ibid. The water of contradiction, whence the fountain was so called, 102. Why water was placed by God above the firmament, 8. Why also below, ibid. What the water and fire in the mountains of Lycia conjoined remind us of, 17. Why river water is not salty, [it is] collected, 15. How it is said in the Scriptures that [honey] is everywhere, 14. [That] the water of the flood rose fifteen cubits above the mountains themselves, 126, 127. Whence it is evident that sea water is thicker than river water, 16. On sea water, that it is potable, how it may be extracted, 9. The fountain and principle of aerial waters, the sea, 9. Whence the heat of hot springs, 6. Whence the flux and reflux in the Euripus occurs, 22. The change, the first plague of Egypt, 131, and why, ibid. That all waters originate from the sea, 16. An eagle having become a Christian, 141. He does not abandon astrology, ibid. He is circumcised, and the holy writings are tainted, ibid. An eagle provides shade for Marcianus, 262. The eagle of the augury, 294. The iniquity of the eagle toward its offspring, 41. The augury of eagles, 300. The interpretation thereof, ibid. Feather, 43. The blasphemy of the eagle and the Mani, 82. The fertility of Arabia, 77. Arbaces the Mede, the slayer of Sardanapalus, 139. Why the tree of knowledge was planted in paradise, 100. Miracles of the tree and the spring, 277, 278. Great dissension among all concerning the nature and enjoyment of the tree of knowledge, 85. Various opinions on the tree of knowledge, 98, 99. Evergreen trees, or on the contrary, deciduous, 14. Golden trees with small birds, 289. Why the leaves of trees are diverse, 12. Arbylus, king of the Assyrians, 130. Why the Ark of the Lord was captured, 172. Because of the Ark, the Philistines were evilly punished, 172. The measure of Noah’s Ark, 126, 127. To the Ark the raven returned, 127. Why seven [clean] and two [unclean] animals were received, 126, 127. Arcadius, emperor, 258. Arcadius and Honorius, sons of Theodosius by Placilla, 256. Arcadius excommunicated by the letters of Pope Innocent, 249. The reply of Arcadius to the same, ibid., 260. Absolution, ibid. Archangels, 76, 77. What the word archangels signifies, 78. Ardeola, or the heron, of what kind of bird, 44. The virtue of Argyropulus’s wife, 312. What [the] asterisks designate, 1. Arius condemned in the first Council, 270, 271. His death, 252. That the Arians derived the occasion of their heresy from Origen, 241. When Aristotle lived, 202. The opinion of Aristotle concerning the essence of heaven, 5. Passage, 29, 51, 53, 62, 116. The inventors of arithmetic, 227. Armatius, see Harmatius. Armemunes, 291. Arsenius, having fled in fear of Arcadius being punished, 256. He is recalled with a petition for forgiveness, ibid. Sent to Theodosius, ibid. Artabanes, king, 202. Artabasdus makes himself emperor, 283. His end, 280. Son-in-law of Leo, 202. Artaxerxes, king, successor of Darius, 140. Artemius, emperor, 280. Artoclines killed by his wife, 318. King Asa, in what he sinned, 187. His piety, ibid. The Ascetica of Basil, 91, 168. Why the donkey is timid, 54. The donkey’s keen hearing, 49. Astarte, the idol of the Sidonians, 189. The same as Venus, 181. Asmodeus, a wicked genius, 170. Lover of Sarah, ibid. Three species of vipers, 58. Whence the Assyrians were called Persians, 140. The prediction of a certain astrologer, 261, 299. Astrologer, 279. Proscribed from Italy, 238. Refuted, 26, 27 et seq. The inventors of astronomy, 127. Asua, daughter of Adam, wed to Seth, 117. Athanasius driven from his throne by the Arians, 250. His exiles, ibid. Passage, 89, 91, 97, 119, 122, 207, 208, ibid. Athenais, later called Eudocia, sets out for Constantinople, 261. She marries Theodosius, the calligrapher emperor, ibid. The Catalans gained possession of Athens and Thebes, 344. The defeat of the Athenian general, ibid. Athenodorus, the restrainer of the lusts of Augustine, 206.
A The same's final precept given to Augustus, 206. Atlas mountain, 14. Atlantic sea, whence so named, ibid. Ink, which fish possess it, 37. Augustus Caesar, victor over Cleopatra, 58. Christ born in the forty-second year of Augustus, 207. Duration of his empire, 205. How anger is chastised, 206. Lusts restrained, ibid. Words of the dying, ibid. Whence the name, 205. Affection of subjects toward Augustus, 206. Nicopolis built by Augustus, 205. Peace under Augustus, ibid. Month of August, whence named, ibid. Singing golden birds, 192. Birds that lack breath and bladders, 48. Origin of birds, 44. What is to be wondered at in birds, 196. Aurelian the emperor, 244. Silver flooded under him, 245. Why the passages of the ears are fashioned winding like a snail shell, 31. Auses, previously called Joshua, 159. Azura, daughter of Adam, married to Cain, 117.
B Baal, idol of the Assyrians, 189. Baalim, shrine of Baal, ibid. Babylonians, the first inventors of astronomy through Zoroaster, 129. Bajazet, emperor of the Turks, 345, 1, 2. Bohemond, who is also Raymond, his craftiness, 334. Balbinus and Maximus, emperors, 243. Whales, a species of sea monster, 36. How they are called "great" in Scripture, 22. Baldwin, Emperor of Flanders, 342. Captured by the Vlachs, ibid. Belshazzar the king, 200. Baanah and Rechab, assassins of Ish-bosheth, punished with death by David, 177. Barak, a judge of Israel, 165. Valor even in barbarians themselves, 234. Barbarossa. See Frederick Barbarossa. Bardanes, pretender to the empire, 286. Bardas, killed by his nephew by chance, 205. Brother of the patriarch Xiphilinus, 326. The slaughter of Bardas, 293. His wicked deeds, 292. His dream, 293. The ends of Bardas and Photius, 293. Barlaam’s passage, 88. Seditious uprising of Basilacius, 331. Council of Basel, celebrated by the Germans against Pope Eugenius, 346, 2. Basil, adopted by Michael the Drunkard, 293. Basil the Macedonian, emperor, 204. He perishes nearly in a hunt, 297. Ingratitude of Basil the Macedonian, 291. His justice, 297. Liberality, 298. Death, 306. Frugality, 291. How the kingdom was signified to Basil the Macedonian, 294. Cisterns cleansed by Basil the Macedonian, 296. Temples built by Basil the Macedonian, ibid. Basil, son of Romanos, emperor, 109. Wars of Basil with the Bulgarians, 310. Triumphs, 311. Basil, pontiff of Caesarea, 303. Concerning the aquatic sea urchin, 303, 34. Basil’s opinion on the creation of angels, 80. Passage of Basil, 18, 19, 21, 25, 34, 39, 42, 51, 58, 70, 71, 74, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 88, 93, 94, 101, 105, 108, 112, 114, 120, 151, 155, 157, 168, 195, 207, 222, 251. Basil and Constantine, sons of Romanos, emperors, 305. Basilius, bishop of Amasea, killed by Licinius, 250. Basiliscus the emperor, 264. His death, ibid. What kind of animal the basilisk is, 57, 58. That the basilisk also harms the ears of those who hear its hiss, 58. That it kills by a mere look, 57. That an envious eye differs nothing from a basilisk, ibid. Root of the bryony, 278. Its use, ibid. Eyes of Batatzes gouged out, 320. How Beccus became patriarch, 345. Belisarius sets out against the Vandals, 266. Loved by all, ibid. He is cast into prison, 267. Deeds of Belisarius, 266. War with the Genoese, 346. Cause of the devil’s war with men, 106. When Daniel abolished the mud, 202. What to pray well means, 188. Commendation of beneficence, 171. Reward for kindness to the needy, 137. Concerning Bathsheba, why the first son of David died, 179. Bessarion and Isidorus, Greek cardinals, 347, 1. Eulogy of Bessarion, ibid. Tame beasts (ἡμερα ζῶα), 19, 20. Castle of Vodena, 309. Heresy of the Bogomils, 334. Boilus Romanus, raised to a high rank of dignity, 320. Whence the goodness of the Lord is manifest, 96. Botaniates. See Nicephorus Botaniates. Unlucky excavation of an ox's head, 304. Pestilence of oxen, 304.
B Brahmans, cultivators of virtue, 234. Abstinence of the Brahmans, 142. Their island, ibid. In that same island, the column of Alexander, ibid. Dragons, scorpions, and giant ants among the Brahmans, 143. Those fish that lack gills, 38. What the bregma (crown of the head) is, 115. Confused lust of the Britons, 143. What a bruchus (locust) is, 133. That certain brute animals provide for themselves in various ways, 65. The distinction between the cunning of brutes and human prudence, 65. Bryennius blinded, 331. Movements of Bryennius, 330. Equity of Botaniates toward Bryennius, ibid. Defection of the Bulgarians, 309. Fifteen thousand blinded, and by whom, 310. End of the Bulgarian kingdom, 311. When and by whom Byzantium, or Constantinople, was founded, 198. Siege of Byzantium, 342. A three-year siege, 249. A ten-year siege, 345. How it was finally abandoned, 235. In what year the renovations were celebrated, 249. Heraclea preferred to Byzantium, 249.
C Caballa region, 284. What the jar of oil in the history of Elijah means, 191. Slaughter of citizens in Thessalonica, 257. Certain just slaughters, 178. Caesarius, brother of Gregory of Nazianzus, 80. Caesarius’s opinion on the creation of angels, ibid. Passage of Caesarius, 143. Chaganus. See Chaganus. What the sect of the Cainites is, 120. Age of Cain, 121. Cainan, the first to include astronomy in his books, 129. Why Cain envied Abel, 117. Why he was not punished immediately, 122. Why he did not die at once, 118. Cain and Abel, figures of whom, 119. Whence Cain understood that God did not respect his offerings, 118. Whence he received the method of killing his brother, 119. What the word "Cain" signifies, 235. What the confession of Cain was like, 123. Comparison with Lamech, 122. Posterity of Cain, ibid. Why the years of his descendants are not recorded, 119. Azura married to Cain, 117. What mark was added, 119. That Cain sinned more gravely than Adam, 119. What induced Cain to offer sacrifice to God, 118. Gaius Caligula Caesar, 234. Duration of his reign, ibid. Death of the tyrant, ibid. His extravagance and rapacity, ibid. Gaius, an ecclesiastical writer, 235. What darkness (caligo) is, 106. Calligraphy of Theodosius, 262. Patriarch Callinicus proscribed, 279. Cause of fear being lack of heat, 62. What the place of Calvary is, 121, 1. Cambyses, by the name of Nebuchadnezzar, son of Cyrus, 202. His reign, ibid. A camel that cures itself, 49. A camel’s desire for revenge, ibid. Why a camel has a long neck, 52. Canaan. See Chanaan. Giraffe (camelopardalis), 61. Concerning the crab and the oyster, 35. Crab as an antidote for deer against venom, 55. Candace married to Alexander, 141. Alexander outwitted by Candace, ibid. Property of the dog star, 56. Dog, a grateful and faithful animal, 50. How it purges black bile, ibid. The dog of Simon Magus, 234. Fidelity of a dog, 285. Nature of the sea dog, 35. Hydrophobia from the bite of a rabid dog, 63. A memorable example concerning a dog, 51. Dogs alone are rabid in the summer time, 65. Dogs often eat grass for the sake of medicine, 84. Why a man has several sutures in his head, 115. Whence the Capitol was named, 141. Nature of the wild goat, 64. What the cause of the Egyptian captivity was, 145. Prisons changed, 252. Greek cardinals, 347, 1. What "flesh" (caro) is in Scripture, 124. Eating of meat allowed after the flood, 85. If there was no use for it before the flood, why then was Abel a shepherd? ibid. That meat tied to a fig tree softens, 13. King Charles of Naples, 343. How he was repressed by Palaiologos, ibid. 543.
343. Carns and Carinus, emperors, 245. Cassia, daughter of Job, 147; whence so named, ibid. Cassia’s response to Theophilus the emperor, 288. Chastity: without it no one shall see God, 324. Catalans: their political activity in Thebes and Athens, 314; deeds of the Catalans in Asia and Greece, 343, 1; their stratagem, ibid. Catherine, wife of Isaac Comnenus, 321, 1. Caucasus, a mountain, 16. Caucus: what it is, 275. Cephalus, a fish, its salacity, 55. Cephissus, a river, 344. Ceratium: how many coins it contains, 286. Cercopis: its nature, 46. Cerebrum: an instrument of the mind, 114; with what perverse humors it is said to be filled, ibid.; the amplitude of the cerebrum in man, and to what purpose it serves, 115; the ventricles, 116; why dry cerebra are superior, ibid. Deer: how the fetuses of hinds are not injured in running, 55; of the hind, an elegant image, ibid.; why the stag sheds its antlers, 54; why it is timid, 55; an image of a good man, 54; one who heals his own wounds, 49; that the stag hides itself after losing its antlers, and why, ibid.; that serpents are devoured by deer, 55. Cetacean (Cetus) captured, which was called Porphyrius, 270; species of the cetacean called Prion, 36; also the Aspidochelone, ibid.; also the seal, whales, etc., ibid.; why cetaceans are called huge, ibid.; how the greatest of them are spoken of in Scripture, 22; the habitat of cetaceans, 35. Ceyx: that this bird lays only one egg because of cold, 46. Chaganus, prince of the Chazars, 279. Chaldeans: incest among them, 143. Chalebo: giants slaughtered by him, 162. Chameleon: an image of the devil, 62; on the chameleon, ibid. Canaanites: the tyrannical invasion of strange lands, 129. Charadrius: why it closes its eyes when it sees someone suffering from the king’s disease (jaundice), 43. Charmione, 59. Chelidonium, 41. Chersonites: the cruelty of Justinian Rhinotmetus toward them, 391. Cherub: 76, 77; what the name of the Cherubim signifies, ibid. Chorda of the lupine, 62. Chosroes, king of the Persians, 275; the Persian wars of Chosroes, 276. Christ: the power of God, 207; the power of the Father, 221; why He placed His soul in the hands of the Father, ibid.; why He spent forty days on earth, no more or less, after the resurrection, 224; why He chose poor and unlearned disciples, 213; why He rose again within the third day, 223; why He did not ascend into heaven immediately after the resurrection, 224; when He first became known, 212; wherefore He descended into hell, 221; in what year of the world He was born, ibid.; on Christ’s descent into hell, 221; a brilliant comparison of Christ to the pelican, 45; Abel as a figure of Christ and of those who trust in Christ, 233; Christ incorruptible, 90; that He rose from the sepulcher naked, ibid.; the image of Christ sent to Abgar by Thaddaeus, 281; image of the sun, 24; in what year of Augustus His nativity occurred, 207; the new pasch of Christ, 213; when the passion occurred, 227; apparitions after the resurrection, 224; the hour of Christ’s passion uncertain, 223; why the burial covered three days, ibid.; the statue placed at Caesarea Philippi, 253; on the transfiguration of Christ, 214; six sacred feasts of Christ, 269; that He anticipated the day of sacrificing the paschal lamb of Christ, 217; why the Holy Spirit descended upon Christ, 212; that Christ was not in two places at the same time before the passion, 215; that He used leavened bread at the supper, 217, 219; that He partook of it Himself, 215; which three women poured ointment, 214; why the dead rose again when Christ was dying, 220. Christians: the first persecutor Nero, 235; that Christians are falsely called unclean by the Jews, 167, 168. Chronography: from whence the beginning is to be taken, 120. Chronographers: who they were, 245, 246. Chrysostom, patriarch, 258; attacked by certain calumnies, 68; contentions of Chrysostom with Eudoxia, 258; oration on the exile of Adam, 91; on the opinion of the Magi, 209; the discrepant opinions of Chrysostom and Epiphanius the presbyter regarding John the Theologian, 212, 213; the exiles of Chrysostom, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 102, 109, 115, 117, 118, 120, 121, 123, 124, 131, 135, 157, 189, 209, 210, 212, 214, 219, 220, 223, 225, 226, 229, 236, 283; what was objected against Chrysostom, 258; defense of Isidore, ibid.; Epiphanius alienated from Chrysostom, 258.
Food of man before the fall, what it was, 99; what the food of paradise was, 98. Cicada: ἄτρωτοι (invulnerable), 38; cold, 43; why they begin their song at the middle of summer, ibid. Storks: their piety, 41. Hemlock: its use, 12; that starlings eat hemlock, ibid. Circus: the equestrian circus began to be built by the emperor Severus, 241; adorned by Constantine the Great, 252. Cisterns: cleansed by Basil, 296. Slaughter of citizens, 267. Roman slaughter and the Servian sedition, 319. Claudius Caesar, 235, 244; his fearfulness, ibid.; the duration of his reign, ibid.; ancestor of Constantine the Great, ibid. Κληδονίζεσθαι (to divine by omens): what it is, 195. Κληδών (an omen): what it is, ibid. Clement Stromateus: when he lived, 241; a passage from him, 228. Cleopatra: on her death, 38. Clerics: why they are called priests of the new covenant, 139. Clopias, a fish, 46. With rennet (coagulum), sharp and vehement pains are calmed, 12. Heaven: what it is properly, 8; that other things come under the name of heaven, ibid.; on the essence of heaven, various opinions, 5; the image of heaven, the old temple, 181, 182; that the name of heaven is also attributed to the firmament created from the waters, 8; why earth was created by God later than heaven, 23; the three heavens, 8. Supper: that Christ instituted it to console the disciples, 219. On knowledge (cognitionis): from the tree, various opinions, 98, 99. Colossians: whence so named, 202. Colossus: a statue, ibid. Comet: 251; whence so named, 30; a comet under Constans, 277; what it portended, ibid.; under Constantine the Duke, 318; under Zimiskes, 308; whether comets are stars, 29; what they portend, ibid.; the rising of comets, ibid. Commodus, emperor, 241; how he became effeminate, ibid. Council of Basel, 347; Nicaea, 250; celebrated under Justinian, 270; Sardica, 350; words of the Council of Carthage concerning the condition of Adam, 95; councils, at what times and places they were celebrated, 270, 271. Confession: what kind is required of us, 122. Confirmation: the custom of the ancients, 225. Marriage: that it does not hinder the cultivation of piety and virtue, 168. Mutual love of spouses, 82. Conradin, the Swabian, put to death, 343. Conrad, Marquis of Montferrat, an illustrious man, 340; expedition of Conrad Caesar to Palestine, 337; his victory over the Turks, ibid. Constans, emperor, 276; hateful to his own, 277. Constans, father of Constantine the Great, a religious prince, 245. Constans and Galerius, emperors, 245. Constans and Licinius, Caesars, 230. Death of Constans, 278; his piety, ibid.; dream, 250. Constantine Barbatus, emperor, 278; whence so called, ibid.; his end, ibid. Constantine Copronymus, emperor, 283; what he thought about the saints and their invocation, ibid.; his cruelty and tyranny, ibid.; death of Constantine Copronymus, 281; what occurred under Constantine Copronymus, ibid. Constantine, Duke, emperor, 324; children of Constantine the Duke, 326; his studies, of little use, 325; avarice, ibid.; pious deed, ibid. Constantine and Basil, Roman Emperors, 305, 311. Constantine, son of Heraclius, emperor, 277. Constantine, son of Leo, emperor, 285; some of his vices, ibid.; he recovers the empire, 302; restores letters, ibid. Constantine Palaiologus, the last emperor of Byzantium, 348. Constantine, an illustrious patriarch, 323. Constantine Silvanus, a heretic, 278. The column of Constantine struck by lightning, 332. Constantine the Great baptized by Silvester, 231; and that at Rome, ibid.; he is baptized, 248; followed the party of the Arians, 250; Alexander the Monk on the baptism of Constantine the Great, 251; a refutation of the same, ibid.; the war of Constantine the Great with Maxentius, 217; empire, ibid.; his fall, ibid.; children, 248; death, 251; moderation, 231; dream, 218; plots against Constantine detected, 321.