Homilies on Ecclesiastes

SYMMACUS. ^A Food of the slothful. Another: and bread of sloth.

28. And they called her blessed. 29. 30. 31. From the fruits of her hands. ...let her works praise her.

THE LXX INTERPRETERS. 28. And they became rich. 29. They acquired wealth. Another: they performed power. Others: they performed powerful deeds. 30. For a sensible woman is blessed, and let her praise the fear of the Lord. 31. From the fruits of her hands. And let her husband be praised in the gates.

THEODOTION. 28. And they called her blessed. 29. 30. 31. From the fruits of her hands.

SYMMACUS. 28. And they pronounced her blessed.

THE LXX INTERPRETERS. 28. And they were enriched. 29. They possessed riches. Another: they created virtue. Others: they created possibilities. 30. For the intelligent woman is blessed, and let her herself praise the fear of the Lord. 31. From the fruit of her lips. And let her husband be praised in the gates.

THEODOTION. 28. And they pronounced her blessed. 29. 30. 31. From the fruit of her hands.

Notes and variant readings to chapter XXXI of Proverbs. V. 15. Theodotion, and syntax. We referred it to *pethil*, to which it pertains, contrary to our version and Drusius. DRACH. V. 19. Montfaucon suspects that it should be read as *andreia*. Schleusner in his Thesaurus of the Old Testament translates it as *andreia*, a distaff, a spindle. This is a difficult word. In Hebrew it is *kishor*, a whorl, in the vernacular: spindle, IDEM. V. 26. The LXX, and she arranged the order for her tongue. It is not read in the Roman edition of the LXX; but it is found in certain other exemplars. V. 27. Hebrew *halak*. The Keri is *halak*. DRACH.

WARNING ON ECCLESIASTES

Codex Regius 2456, a silken manuscript of the eleventh century, which is Procopius'. Also another codex of Olympiodorus. Jerome's Commentary on Ecclesiastes. The Roman edition and Drusius' notes.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER ONE

SYMMACUS 2. Vapor of vapors. 3. What is more for man? 4. And the earth stands eternal. 5. And it returns to its place.

THE LXX INTERPRETERS 2. Vanity of vanities. 3. What is the profit for man? By his labor with which he labors. 4. And the earth stands for an age. 5. And it draws to its place.

THEODOTION 2. 3. 4. 5. And it returns to its place.

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HEBREW

HEBREW in Greek letters.

AQUILA 6. 7. 8. They weary. 9. New. 10. 11. 13. And to investigate. This evil distraction. 14. Vapor and feeding of wind. 15. 16. With my mind. 17. Errors.

VERSION OF THE HEBREW TEXT.

6. Going toward the south, and circling toward the north, circling, circling, the spirit goes, and upon its circuits the spirit returns. 7. And the sea is not full: to the place where the rivers are going, there they themselves return to go. 8. Laborious. Man will not be able to speak. 9. The thing that will be. The thing that is done. New. 10. There is a matter, which one might say: See this, it is new, it already was in the ages which were before us. 11. With them that shall be in the latter time. 13. And I gave my heart. And to investigate. This evil business. To afflict oneself. 14. Vanity and feeding of spirit. 15. And the defect cannot be numbered. 16. With my heart. And I added wisdom. 17. Madnesses.

VULGATE LATIN.

6. It turns by the south, and bends toward the north: the spirit goes circling everything, and the spirit returns into its own circuits. 7. And the sea does not overflow: to the place from which the rivers issue, they return so that they may flow again. 8. Difficult. Man cannot explain them in speech. 9. That which is to be. That which is to be done. New. 10. Nor can anyone say: See, this is recent: for already it has preceded in the ages that were before us. 11. Among those who are to be in the final time. 13. And I proposed in my mind. And to investigate. This worst occupation. That they might be occupied. 14. Vanity and affliction of spirit. 15. And the number of fools is infinite. 16. In my heart. And I surpassed all in wisdom. 17. Errors.

AQUILA.

6. 7. 8. They labor. 9. New. 10. 11. 13. And to investigate. This evil distraction. 14. Vapor and feeding of wind. 15. 16. With my mind. 17. Errors.

SYMMACHUS.** 6. It goes toward the south, and circles toward the north; circling, circling, the wind goes, and upon its circles the wind returns. 7. And the sea is not filled; to the place whence the rivers go, thither they return to go. 8. It is impossible for a man to overcome by speaking. 9. What is to be. What is to be. New. 10. Is it something that one will say, "Look, this is new"? And it already happened in the age before us. 11. Among those who will be after these things. 13. I set my heart. This evil occupation. To be occupied. 15. And what is lacking, not able to fill the number. 16. With my mind. And I exceeded in wisdom.

**LXX INTERPRETERS.** 6. It goes toward the south, and circles toward the north; spinning in circles, the wind goes, and upon its circles the wind returns. 7. And the sea is not being filled; to the place where the torrents go, thither they return in order to go. 8. Weariness. ^A A man will not be able to speak. 9. What is to be done. Recent. 10. Who will speak and say, "Look, this is new"? It has already occurred in the ages which have occurred from before us. 11. With those who will be at the last. 13. And I gave my heart. And to investigate. That it is an evil distraction. To be distracted. 14. Vanity, and purpose of spirit. 15. And what is lacking will not be able to be numbered. 16. In my heart. And I added wisdom.

**THEODOTION.** 13. This evil distraction. 14. Vapor and feeding of wind. 17. Error.

Notes and Various Readings for Chapter I of Ecclesiastes

The Greek title is *Kweleth*. It is so titled by Origen.

V. 1. Aquila: "Vapor of vapors," etc. So Martianæus. Jerome has it thus: *ABAL ABALIM* is written, which all have translated similarly, except the Seventy Interpreters; *atmis atmidon, atmon*. Both Aquila and Symmachus are accustomed to translate the same Hebrew word as *atmis* or *atmos*.

V. 3. Aquila and Symmachus: "What is more" etc. So Drusius.

Ibid. Aquila: "Labor" etc. The same.

V. 4. So one codex.

V. 5. Aquila: "And the earth remains" etc. So from Jerome, Martianæus. The words of Jerome are: "But for that which we have placed following the Vulgate edition, he leads to its own place; in the Hebrew he has *SOEPHI*, which Aquila translates *eispnei*, i.e., 'he breathes.' Symmachus, however, and Theodotion: 'returns.'" In prior editions of Jerome it was read incorrectly, as Martianæus points out, and it is confirmed from manuscripts and the notes of the Roman edition.

V. 6. Symmachus: *katanta*. The Roman edition brings forward this single word in Greek. Jerome expresses the whole verse in Latin.

V. 7. Symmachus: "And the sea is not gorged" etc. From the Roman edition and Drusius.

V. 8. Aquila: "They labor" etc. The same.

Ibid. Symmachus: "Impossible" etc. The same.

V. 9. Symmachus: "What will be" etc. The same.

Ibid. Symmachus: "What is to be" etc. The same.

Ibid. Aquila and Symmachus: "New." The same.

V. 10. Symmachus: "Is there anything" etc. These first and last words are brought forward in the Roman edition; the rest are supplied, enclosed in brackets. Jerome expresses this passage of Symmachus in Latin thus: "Think you there is anyone who can say, Look, this is new? And it has already been done in the age which was before us."

V. 11. Symmachus: "Beside those" etc. Drusius and the Roman edition.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER II

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**HEBREW TEXT VERSION** 1. Vanitas. 2. Risui dixi, Insane. Quid hoc facis? 5. Investigavi in corde meo. Et cor meum ducens in sapientia. Ubi hoc bonum. 4. Magnificavi opera mea. 5. Feci mihi piscinas. 8. Coacervavi mihi. Et peculium. Et delicias. Captivam et captivas.

**VULGATE LATIN** 1. Vanitas. 2. Risum reputavi errorem. Quid frustra deciperis? 3. Cogitavi in corde meo. Ut animum meum transferrem ad sapientiam. Quid esset utile. 4. Magnificavi opera mea. 6. Et exstruxi mihi piscinas. 8. Coacervavi mihi. Et substantias. Et delicias. Scyphos et urceos in ministerio ad vina fundenda.

**AQUILA** 1. Vapor. 2. ... dixi errorem. 5. Et cogitavi in corde meo. 4. Magnificavi opera mea. 6. (Feci mihi) stagna. 8. Et substantias. Et delicias. Parvum calicem et calices.

^A Because this too is a presumption of the spirit. Another, since for this is a presumption of the spirit. 18. Sorrow.

*Notes and various readings on Chapter I of Ecclesiastes.* V. 13. S., *I proposed*. A., *and to search*. The same. ^B Ibid. A., Th., *this evil occupation* etc. Thus Martianaeus from Jerome, whose words are these: «The word ANIAN Aquila, the Septuagint, and Theodotion translated similarly, which the Latin interpreter expressed as 'distention,' because the mind of man is stretched and torn by various anxieties. Symmachus, however, translated it *ascholian*, that is, occupation.» The same. Roman Ed. ^C V. 14. A., and *defect*, etc. Drusius and the Roman ed. V. 15. S., and *I surpassed in wisdom*. The same. Ibid. S., and *it overflowed* (?) The same. V. 17. A., *errors*. Th., *perversities*. Drusius translates this last as *errors of the mind*, and afterwards adds: «Or furies and madnesses.» Santes interprets it in that way. Elsewhere it is *periphera*, as in the LXX below, VII, 26, and verse 8, which denotes circumlocution. Ibid. *Another, since for this* etc. Roman Ed. and Drusius. V. 18. A., *torments*. The same.

Chapter II of Ecclesiastes.

^D **SYMMACHUS** ........................... **LXX INTERPRETERS** ........................... **THEODOTION**

1. Vapor, or vapors. ......... 1. Vanity. ................................. 1. 2. And I said of laughter, a tumult. .... 2. I said of laughter, it is error. ............. 2. ... I said error. What do you do yourself? ................... What is this you do? 3. And I thought in my heart. ... 3. And I considered, if my heart. ... 3. To lead my heart .......................... And it led my heart in wisdom. to wisdom. What is useful. ............................ What is good. 4. ............................................ 4. I magnified my work. Another, .. 4. .............................................. I made great works for myself. 6. Cisterns. ............................ 6. I made pools for myself. .................. 6. 8. I heaped up for myself. ................. 8. I gathered for myself. .................... 8. And possessions. ............................. And wealth. And delicacies. ............................. And luxuries. [Species of measures and ........ A male and female cupbearer.] appositions.]

THE REMAINS OF THE HEXAPLA

[HEBREW TEXT] 9. And I was magnified 10. Before me 11. Of all my labor which I labored to do Vanity and feeding on wind 12. And folly What is man that he shall follow after the king 13. Than folly 15. And why was I wise? 17. Evil over the work that is done 19. And it shall rule That I labored 20. And I turned To despair of doing

21. And in uprightness And evil 22. For what is 23. Pains and anger 24. In his labor 25. He will spare 26. Who is good before him Business

HEBREW TEXT VERSION 9. And I was magnified. Before me. 10. They have desired. If I used my labor. 11. And to the labor in which I labored to do. Vanity and feeding on spirit (wind). 12. And foolishness. What is man, I ask, who is to come after the king? 13. Above foolishness. 15. And why was I wise? 17. Evil over the work that is done. 19. And he shall have authority. That I labored. 20. And I have turned. To despair of doing. 21. And in uprightness. And evil. 22. For what is existing? 23. Pains and anger. 24. In his labor. 25. He will perceive. 26. Who is good before him. Business.

VULGATA LATIN 9. And I was surpassed. Before me. 10. They have desired. If I used my labor. 11. And labor, in which I labored in vain. Vanity and affliction of mind. 12. And errors. What is man, I ask, that he can follow the king? 13. (Wisdom shall precede) foolishness. 15. What does it profit me that I gave effort to wisdom? 17. Seeing all matters that are done. 19. And he shall rule. In which I have labored in vain. 20. Whence I ceased. And (my heart) renounced. 21. And solicitude. And evil. 22. For what will it profit? 23. Sorrows and hardships. 24. About his labors. 25. He shall abound in delights. 26. To the good in his sight. Superfluous affliction and care.

HEBREW IN GREEK CHARACTERS AQUILA 9. 10. 11. Vapor and feeding of wind. 12. And error. What then is man, that he should follow the counsel? 13. 15. 17. 19. And he shall rule. 20. 21. 22. Suffering and anger. 23. 24. 25. He shall spare. 26.

AQUILA 9. 10. 11. Vapor and feeding of wind. 12. And error. What indeed is man that he should follow the counsel? 13. 15. 7. (sic) 19. And he shall rule. 20. 21. 22. 23. Torment and anger. 24. 25. He shall spare. 26.

And in boldness. 21. And in virtue. And affliction. And wickedness. 22. For what comes to be. 23. Of torments and anger. 24. From his labor. In his labor. 25. Who shall drink? 26. To the one who pleases him. Before his face. Occupation. Distraction.

SYMMACUS.

THEODOTION.

Hexapla of the Remaining Fragments

^A TO HEBREW. TO HEBREW in Greek letters. AQUILA. To gather and to collect.

HEBREW VERSION. VULGATE LATIN. AQUILA. To gather and to collect. To give to the good in the sight of God. And that he may add and collect. And hand it over to him who has pleased God.

Notes and various readings on Chapter II of Ecclesiastes V. 1. A., Σ., vapor. See ch. 1, v. 2. V. 2. A., or error. So Martianæus from Jerome, whose words are these: ‹Where we read "madness," the Hebrew has MOLAL, which Aquila translates as *planēsin*, i.e., error: Symmachus, *thorubon*, that is, tumult. But the LXX and Theodotion, as in many places, so here too agree, and translate *peripheran*, which, expressing ourselves word for word, we can call a circumlocution.› Ibid. Σ., and laughter, etc. We have restored this fuller passage from the Roman edition. Drach. Ibid. the same, etc. Drusius from the Roman edition on "cunning." V. 3. A., etc. The same. Ibid. Σ., that the heart, etc. The same. Ibid. Σ., what, etc. The same. V. 4. A., great, etc. The same. V. 6. A., pools, etc. The same. V. 8. Σ., I gathered, etc. The same. Ibid. A., the same, etc. "Peculia," a Latin word, already in use among the Greeks in the time of Symmachus. Ibid. A., and delights, etc. The same. Ibid. Σ., cup and cups. Jerome. Σ., appearances and additions of measures. So our Martianæus expressed the reading of Symmachus. The words of Jerome are: ‹For regarding those who pour out wine, and those who pour it out (for I wished to distinguish the masculine and feminine genders, which the Latin language does not receive), Aquila interprets it as something far different from what is obvious. For he named not men, that is to say, husbands and wives, but species of vessels, calling [it] what in Hebrew is called SADDA and SADDOTH. Finally Symmachus, although he was unable to express it word for word, is not far from this opinion, saying "species of measures and additions." Whether, therefore, it is to be believed that Solomon possessed urceus, or scyphi, or craters, which are arranged in ministries, distinguished by gold and gems: and that from one *kylikiō*, that is, a crater, the wine was drawn into other *kylikiois*, that is, smaller vessels, and the crowd of drinkers received it through the hands of the ministers.› V. 9. Σ., and by size exceeding. Drusius. Ibid. Roman Edit.: and I added wisdom to...

Ecclesiastes Chapter III

8. TO HEBREW. TO HEBREW in Greek letters. AQUILA. 8. To love. 11. And also the age. So that man may not find.

14. 15.

HEBREW VERSION. VULGATE LATIN. AQUILA. 1. All things have a time. And all things pass in their own spaces. And his will. And the world. 2. To root up. 5. To cast away stones. To cast away stones. 8. To love. Of love. To love. 11. Beautiful in his time. Good in his time. Also the age. And indeed the age. Because of which man shall not find. That man may not find. 14. It shall be. Shall persevere. 15. And God shall seek what has persecution. And God restores what has gone by.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER III

^A SYMMACHUS. ^B THE SEPTUAGINT. ^C THEODOTION.

1. Every time. 1. For every matter. 1. 2. To root out. 2. To root out. 2. 5. 5. To cast stones. Another: to fling stones. 5. 8. 8. To love. 8. 11. Good each in its time. 11. Good things in their time. 11. And even the entire age. That man may not find. 14. It shall remain. 14. It shall be. 14. 15. And God will seek after those being persecuted. 15. And God will seek the persecuted. 15.

SYMMACHUS. THE LXX INTERPRETERS. THEODOTION. 1. Of every thing the time. 1. For every matter. 1. Of every business. For every thing. 2. Of rooting out. 2. Of rooting out. 2. 5. 5. Of casting stones. Another: of 5. flinging stones. 8. 8. Of loving. 8. 11. Beautiful each in its 11. Good things in their time. 11. time. And even the whole age. That man may not find. 14. It shall endure. 14. It shall be. 14. 15. God however will seek after 15. And God will seek that which 15. those who suffer persecution. suffers persecution.

Notes and various readings to chapter II of Ecclesiastes

^D [The text here presents a sequence of notes regarding the translation of the LXX versus Symmachus and others concerning the preceding and following verses. Owing to the highly fragmentary and disjointed layout of this section in the original, these are rendered as follows:]

Where Saint Jerome says: "And I added wisdom above all." Ibid. The same. V. 10. Symmachus, they desired. The same. Ibid. Symmachus, out of all my tribulation. The same. V. 11. Symmachus, and the toil. Ibid. Aquila, breath and feeding of wind. Aquila, Symmachus, and error. [Regarding the term] *paraphora*, *periphera*, *paraphora*, 12, the Septuagint: "all that it has done." Aquila, "but what is man?" V. 13. Symmachus, above folly. V. 15. Symmachus, "and to what end for me?"... V. 17. Symmachus, "for it is an evil to me." V. 19. Aquila, Symmachus, "and he shall rule." Symmachus, "unto whom."

[Regarding additional notes:] The Roman edition puts forth that [reading] as if it were a scholion; but it is undoubtedly Symmachus, as [seen] below in chapter IV, verse 4. Ibid. Thus one Royal codex. Thus Symmachus is accustomed to translate. V. 22. For etc. Drusius. V. 23. Aquila, "pain and wrath." This the Roman edition presents without the name of the interpreter. But it is, as it appears, Aquila's, as above c. I, v. 18. V. 25. Symmachus, "he shall consume." Ibid. Symmachus's reading, as Doederlein notes in the scholia to this place, seems rather to belong to the preceding word of the same clause. DRACH. V. 26. To the one pleasing, etc. The same. Ibid. Symmachus, business. The same. Ibid. Aquila, of gathering, etc. The same. Ibid. Symmachus, "that it may be given," etc. The same from the Roman edition, as is customary.

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HEXAPLA REMNANTS

THE HEBREW. THE HEBREW in Greek letters. AQUILA. 16. And the place of justice. 17. Of all necessity. 18.

19.

20.

22.

HEBREW TEXT VERSION. VULGATE LATIN. AQUILA. 16. And the place of justice. 17. For all things. 18. That God might test them, and show [them].

19. Event. And one spirit for all. And the excellence of man over the beast is nothing. 20. They go. From the dust. 22. For who shall lead him to see what shall be after him? 16. And the place of justice. 17. Of all necessity. 18.

19. Destruction. And similarly all things breathe. And man has nothing more than a beast. 20. They go. From the earth. 22. For who shall lead him to know the things that are to come after him?

Notes and various readings on Chapter III of Ecclesiastes. V. 1. Z., "every time." Drusius from the Roman edition, as also the rest up to the eleventh verse. V. 11. A., "and also the aeon." These are noted in one Royal codex from Olympiodorus: "and also the aeon he gave." The, "the," is a Hebrew peculiarity, which is placed in the Hebrew language in the stead of an interjection. [Indeed, the Hebrew particle "eth" signifies "with," and denotes the accusative case.]

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER IV

THE HEBREW. THE HEBREW in Greek letters. AQUILA. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

HEBREW TEXT VERSION. VULGATE LATIN. AQUILA. 1. Oppressions. Tear. Consoler. 2. And I praised. 3. The evil work, which is done. 4. And all uprightness. 5. Folding his hands. 6. Rest. 1. Calumnies. Tears. Consoler. 2. And I praised. 3. Evils, which are done under the sun. 4. And industries. 5. He folds his hands. 6. With rest. 1.

SYMMACHUS. THE SEVENTY. THEODOTION.

16. And the place of the just. 17. For every matter. 18. That God will sift them, and to show. *Other*: That God will reprove them, and to show them. 19. Occurrence. And breath common to all. And what more has man than the beast? From the earth. 20. [*] He goes. And what has man excelled above the beast? From the dust. 22. For who shall lead him to see the things that shall be after him? And what advantage has man? In that which may happen with him?

Notes and various readings on Chapter III of Ecclesiastes

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER IV

SYMMACHUS. 1. The oppressed. Tears. Consoling. 2. And I deemed blessed. 3. The evil works that are done. 4. And all industry. 5. He is entangled with his hands. 6. With rest.

THE SEVENTY. 1. Calumnies. Tear. Consoler. *Other*: comforting. 2. And I praised. 3. All the evil work that is done. 4. And all manliness. 5. He folded his hands. 6. Of rest.

THEODOTION. 1. [Missing from source text] 2. [Missing from source text] 3. [Missing from source text] 4. [Missing from source text] 5. [Missing from source text] 6. [Missing from source text]

SYMMACHUS 1. Sustaining calumny. Tears. Consoler. 2. And I said they were blessed. 3. Evil works, which are done. 4. And all agility. 5. He is folded by his hands. 6. With rest.

THE SEVENTY INTERPRETERS 1. Calumnies. Tear. Consoler. *Other*: the same. 2. And I praised. 3. Every evil work, that has been done. 4. And all virtue. 5. He folded his hands. 6. Of rest.

THEODOTIO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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HEBRAIC TEXT. A handful of fullness. And vexation of spirit. 7. And I turned, and I saw. 8. And there is no second. End. Of good. And business. 9. Better two than one, for there is to them a good reward. 10. His companion. And no second. 12. One shall prevail against him. Triplicate. 13. Better is a child poor and wise, than a king old and foolish. Who knows not how to be warned yet. 14. Because from the house of prisoners he has gone forth to reign: because also in his kingdom he was born poor. 15. I saw all the living walking under the sun, with the youth the second, who shall stand in his stead. 16. There is no end to all the people.

VULCATA LATINA. Quam plena utraque manus. Et afflictione animi. 7. I considered and found. 8. And he has no second. 9. [Non cessat.] [Bonis.] [Et afflictio.] Melius est ergo duo esse simul, quam unum: habent enim emolumentum societatis suæ. 10. Ab altero (fulcietur). Non habet sublevantem se. 12. Quispiam prævaluerit contra unum. Triplex. 13. Melior est puer pauper et sapiens rege sene et stulto. Qui nescit prævidere in posterum. 14. Quod de carcere catenisque interdum quis egrediator ad regnum; et alius natus in regno inopia consumatur. 15. Vidi cunctos viventes, qui ambulant sub sole cum adolescente secundo, qui consurget pro eo. 16. Infinitus numerus est populi.

AQUILA. End. Who will not know to keep himself. 9. [Amicum suum.] 13. [Quin non noscet custodire.]

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER IV

SYMMACHUS. ^A Fullness of both hands. And of affliction of spirit. 7. And again turning I learned. 8. And there shall not be a second. From good. And occupation. 9. There are better two than one; for they have a good profit. 10. His companion. 12. If someone should prevail against one. Triplicated, or triple. 13. A poor boy is better with wisdom... 14. For the one came from prison to reign, but the other, although born a king, was in need. 15. ...with a boy... 16. (Boundless is all the people.)

[LXX INTERPRETES (THEODOTION)] ^B Above the fullness of two handfuls. And of ambition of spirit. 7. And I turned and saw. 8. And there is not a second. Temptation. From goodness. And distraction. 9. Better are the two above the one, to whom there is for them a good reward. 10. His fellow. And let there not be a second. Another, there is not a second. 12. The threefold. ^C 13. A good boy is poor and wise above a king older and foolish. 14. Who did not know how to attend anymore. 14. That from the house of the prisoners he shall proceed to reign, for he was also born poor in his kingdom. 15. I saw all the living who walk under the sun with the second youth who shall stand in his place. 16. There is no temptation to all the people.

SYMMACHUS. ^D Plenitudes of both hands. And by affliction of spirit. 7. And again turning I spoke. 8. And there shall not be a second. 9. From good. And occupation. There are better two than one: for they have a good gain. 10. His associate. 12. Should someone prevail against one.

Triplicate, or triple.

LXX INTERPRETERS (THEODOTION). Above the plenitudes of two handfuls. And of presumption of spirit. 7. And I was converted, and I saw. 8. And there is not a second. 8. End. 9. From goodness. And distraction. 9. Good are the two above one, to whom is a good reward. 10. His participant. 10. And there shall not be a second. Another, there is not a second. 12. Triple. 12. One shall prevail. 13. A good boy is poor and wise above a king who is older and foolish. Who does not know how to provide for the future. 14. Because from the house of the bound he shall go out to reign: because even in his kingdom he was made poor. 15. I saw all the living, who walk under the sun with the second adolescent, who shall stand for him. 16. There is no end to all the people.

The Hebrew Version in Greek characters. Aquila.

Version of the Hebrew Text. Vulgate Latin. Aquila.

Notes and various readings on Chapter IV of Ecclesiastes.

Ecclesiastes Chapter V. Hebrew Version in Greek characters. Aquila.

Version of the Hebrew Text. Vulgate Latin. Aquila.

1. Be not rash with your mouth. Therefore. 2. Many cares follow dreams. 3. For an unfaithful and foolish promise is displeasing. 4. And much better. 5. That you should commit sin. There is no providence. Let it dissipate. 6. Where there are many dreams, there are many vanities, and countless words. 7. For there is one higher than the high. 8. And moreover the king of the earth commands the servant. 10. And what profit has the possessor, unless he beholds riches with his eyes?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. That it is involuntary. And let it dissolve. 6. 7. 8. 10.

SYMMACUS. . But this is vapor and feeding on wind. ^A Q. Those who were before them, and indeed those who are last will not rejoice in it; for this also is vanity and a striving of spirit. 17. And near to hearing. SYMMACUS. Who was before either: and the posterity will not rejoice in it. But this is vapor and feeding on wind. 17. And near to hearing.

LXX INTERPRETERS. Who were before them. And indeed the newest will not rejoice in it. But this also is vanity and a striving of spirit.

Notes and various readings on Chapter IV of Ecclesiastes. The Greek of Symmachus is wanting. V. 14. [Σ.], for the one, etc. From the Roman edition and Drusius. V. 15. The Greek of Symmachus does not exist. V. 16. [A.], there is not, etc. Rom. Ed. and Drusius. The Greek of Symmachus is expressed from his Latin version without risk. Ibid. [Σ.], ... But this, etc., as above, chap. I, v. 14.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER V

Q. 1. Do not hasten your mouth. Because of this. Other, upon this. 2. For a dream comes in a multitude of temptation. 3. There is no will in fools. 4. Good. 5. To sin. Other, that you cause to sin. For it is ignorance. And let him destroy. 6. For in a multitude of dreams and of vanities and of many words. 7. For high is above high. 8. In all is the king of the cultivated field. 10. And what is strength to him who has it? For it is the beginning of seeing with his eye.

THEODOTION. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 10.

SYMMACUS. 1. Do not be reckless with your mouth. 2. Sleep (or, a dream) comes because of a multitude of iniquity. 3. There is no use for the mindless. 4. Better. 5. 6. For through the multitude of dreams there are vanities and many words. 7. And higher than them. 8. In all is the king of the cultivated field. 10. For what is gained for him who has it, except only the contemplation of his eyes?

LXX INTERPRETERS. 1. Do not hasten in your mouth. . Propter hoc. Other, upon this. 2. For a dream arrives in a multitude of trouble. 3. It is not the will in fools. 4. A good thing. 5. That you cause to sin. Other, thus that you sin. For it is ignorance. And let him destroy. 6. For in a multitude of dreams and of vanities and of very many words. 7. For it is exalted above the exalted. 8. In all is the king of the cultivated field. 10. And what strength to him who has it? For it is the beginning of seeing with his eyes.

THEODOTION. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 10.

[original-script column: see facsimile]

11. And the fullness of riches does not permit him to sleep. [alt-version omitted]

12. A malignant infirmity. In his own evil. 13. In evil occupation. 14. What it is. 15. And what excellence does he have who labored? 17. Behold what I have seen. Number. 18. Even. And to take away his part.

Notes and various readings on ch. V of Ecclesiastes. V. 1. Symm., "not rash," etc. All the readings of this chapter come from the Roman edition and from Drusius, with only two exceptions. V. 5. Symm. for "has" has "that". Thus the Roman edition. Ibid. Aq., "that it is involuntary." From Jerome in the [commentary on] the wandering of the soul; this also is vanity and a feeding on wind.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER VI.

1. Over man. 2. And he shall not give him power. 3. Shall not be satisfied. 8. For what is better? 9. A good vision of the eyes is better than the wandering of the soul: this also is vanity and a feeding on spirit.

10. With him who is stronger than he.

1. Upon men. 2. And he will not grant him power. 3. He shall not be filled. 8. What has he more? 9. It is better to see what you desire than to desire what you do not know: but this also is vanity, and a presumption of spirit.

10. Against one stronger than he.

Notes and various readings on ch. VI of Ecclesiastes. V. 1. Symm., "among men," etc. These and the following readings come from the Roman edition and Drusius. V. 9. Symm., "better," etc. Thus the Roman edition. Jerome, however, renders this place in Latin thus: "It is better to provide than to walk as one pleases." The other part of the verse is expressed from Jerome, who has it thus:

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER V

^A SYMMACHUS. 11. But the satiety of the rich does not allow him to sleep. 12. A bad disease. 13. For a bad occupation. 14. What shall follow. 15. What advantage then is there to him who labors? 17. Therefore it seemed to me. By number. 18. And to enjoy their portion.

THE LXX INTERPRETERS. 11. And to him who is sated with being rich, it is not for him to allow him to sleep. 12. Disease. For evil to him. 13. In a bad distraction. 14. That he might go. 15. And what is his abundance, or he labors? 17. Behold, I have seen. A number. 18. And indeed. And to take his part.

THEODOTION. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 17. 18.

^B Notes and varying readings to chapter V of Ecclesiastes. V. 7. Symmachus might perhaps have regard for these words niby Dinası. V. 10. And so on, what [is] the advantage, etc. Thus two Royal codices from Olympiodorus. Ibid. Hebrew, but Keri [reads] Drach.

^C

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER VI

SYMMACHUS. 1. Among men. 2. And who gives. 3. 8. And what is the advantage? 9. It is better to provide than to walk by one's own pleasure; and truly this is vanity and [vexation] of spirit. 10. With the stronger one than him.

THE LXX INTERPRETERS. 1. Under man. 2. And does not give power to him. 3. He shall not be filled. 8. For abundance. 9. A good vision of the eyes is better than the soul who walks; and truly this is vanity and presumption of spirit. 10. With the one stronger than him. Another: with the one stronger than him.

THEODOTION. 1. 2. 3. He shall not be sated. 8. 9. ... vanity and feeding on wind. 10.

^D Notes and varying readings to chapter VI of Ecclesiastes. Again, here also, concerning "presumption of spirit," Aquila and Theodotion interpreted it as "feeding on wind"; but Symmachus as "vexation of spirit." V. 10. "Another: with the stronger than him." Thus some copies.

REMAINS OF THE HEXAPLA. ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER VII.

[original-script column: see facsimile]

HEBREW TEXT. VULGATE LATIN. AQUILA.

1. For who knows what is good? 1. Since he knows not what is advantageous. 1.

2. A good name is better than oil. 2. A good name is better than precious ointments. 2.

3. And the living will give to his heart. 3. And the living ponders what is to come. 3.

4. For in sadness of face the heart will be glad. 4. For through sadness the countenance of the soul of the delinquent is corrected. 4. Sadness.

7. For as the sound of thorns under a pot. 7. For as the sound of burning thorns under a pot. 7.

8. It will make the wise man act like a madman. And he will destroy the heart of the gift. 8. It disturbs the wise man. And it will destroy the strength of his heart. 8. It will make the wise man act like a madman. It will destroy the heart of his vigor.

9. Better is the end of a word than its beginning. Long of spirit. 9. Better is the end of a speech than its beginning. Patient. 9.

10. In your spirit to act with anger. Anger. 10. Quick to act with anger. Anger. 10.

11. What was it? For it is not from wisdom. 11. What do you think is the cause? For it is foolish. 11. Wherefore?

13. For in the shadow of wisdom, in the shadow of silver. And the excellence of the knowledge of wisdom will make its patrons live. 13. For as wisdom protects, so money protects. But this has more in it, that learning and wisdom impart life to their possessor. 13.

14. See the work of God: for who can make straight that which he himself has made crooked? 14. Consider the works of God, that no man can correct that which He has despised. 14.

15. In the good day be in good, and in the evil day see. 15. In the day of good enjoy goods, and against the evil day be on your guard. 15.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER VII.

SYMMACUS. 1. For who knows what is useful? 2. Better is a good name than fragrant ointment. 3. And he that lives will attend to his mind. 4. Through sadness the countenance becomes better. 7. For through the voices of the unlearned, one is perhaps in prison. 8. It will disturb the wise. The heart, the matthana, that is to say, a gift. 9. Better is the end of a matter than its beginning. High-hearted. 10. By thy words to provoke. Anger. 11. For not wisely. 13. Wisdom protects as money protects. Wisdom will save those who have it. 15. In a good day be in good...

THE SEPTUAGINT. 1. For who knows what is good? 2. A good name is better than good oil. 3. And he that lives shall give good to his heart. 4. For in the sadness of the countenance the heart is made better. 7. As the voice of thorns under a pot. 8. It moves the wise. It destroys the heart of his nobility. 9. A good latter part of words is better than their beginning. High in spirit. 10. By thy spirit to anger. Another, by thy mouth. Furor. 11. What has happened. Because not in wisdom. 13. For wisdom is as the shadow of silver. The abundance of the knowledge of wisdom will bring to life him who has it. 14. Behold the works of God, for who shall be able to set straight him whom God has perverted? 15. In the day of good, live in good, and see in the day of evil, see.

THEODOTION. 1. 2. A good name is better than oil. 3. 4. 7. 8. It destroys the heart of his nobility. 9. 10. 11. 13. 14. 15.

[original-script column: see facsimile]

16. Prolonging in his wickedness.

17.

19.

20. Wisdom will strengthen the wise man.

22.

23. Because often your heart will do evil.

24.

25.

26. I went about... Wisdom and reasoning.

VERSIO HEBRAICI TEXT. [original-script column: see facsimile] Also this against that has God made, over the word that man should not find anything after him.

16. In his righteousness. Prolonging in his wickedness.

17. Much. Why shall you be desolate?

19. Do not make to cease. Because he who fears God shall come forth from all these.

20. Wisdom shall strengthen a wise man.

22. Also to all words that are spoken, do not apply your heart. One who curses you.

23. For even on many occasions knows your heart. Even you have cursed others.

24. All this I tested in wisdom. I said, I shall be wise.

25. Who shall find it?

26. I turned about, I and my heart to know, and to investigate, and to seek. Wisdom and reckoning.

VULGATA LATINA. As God has made this, so also that, so that a man might not find just complaints against Him.

16. In his righteousness. He lived a long time in his wickedness.

17. More than is necessary. Do not be stupefied.

19. Do not take away. Because he who fears God neglects nothing.

20. Wisdom shall comfort the wise man.

22. But to all words that are spoken, do not accommodate your heart. One who curses you.

23. For your conscience knows. Because you also have frequently cursed others.

24. All these things I tested in wisdom. I said, I shall be made wise.

25. Who shall find her?

26. I investigated all things with my mind, that I might know, and consider, and seek. Wisdom and reason.

AQUILA.

16. Prolonging in his wickedness.

17.

19.

20. Wisdom shall corroborate the wise man.

22.

23. Because often your heart will do evil.

24.

25.

26. I went about... Wisdom and cogitation.

SYMMACHUS.

THE LXX INTERPRETERS.

THEODOTION.

HEBREW TEXT

HEBREW VERSION Insaniarum. 27. His hands are bound. 28. One and another to find a calculation. 29. Which my soul has sought, and I did not find. 30. Simply look. [They] sought many calculations.

VULGATE LATIN Imprudence. 27. The hands are bound. Who pleases God. But he who is a sinner, [is] captured. 28. One and another to find out the reason. 29. Which my soul still seeks, and I do not find. 30. Simply. And he has mingled himself in infinite questionings.

AQUILA 27. Hands are bound to him. 28. One by one to find out the reasoning. 29. My soul seeks, and I have not found. 30. Simply look.

Notes and various readings on Chapter VII of Ecclesiastes. V. 1. S., [some phrase] etc. See the Roman edition, where the reading [Greek text omitted] is variously held: for in the text it is read [Greek text omitted], but in the note, [Greek text omitted]? And it is held thus in certain copies. V. 2. [Greek text omitted]. These, insofar as they are expressed from Greek, are included in brackets. What follows, however, [Greek text omitted], is brought forth in three royal manuscripts from Olympiodorus. V. 3. And the living etc. From the Roman edition and Jerome. V. 4. Roman edition, S., [Greek text omitted]. Jerome rendered the place in Latin, as we have edited. V. 7. [Greek text omitted] etc. These are brought forth without the name of the interpreter in the Roman edition: but the version of Symmachus, which Jerome brings forth, proves it to be of the same interpreter. The words of Jerome are: "Symmachus for that which we have placed, 'because as the voice of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of fools,' interpreting this sense, which we discussed above, says: 'For by the voice of the ignorant one is bound with chains, that is, the hearer is more inverted to the voice of such precepts, while each one is bound by the chains of his own sins.'" V. 8. A., [Greek text omitted] etc. From the Roman edition and Drusius. Ibid. [Greek text omitted]. S., the heart [Greek text omitted]. From Jerome, whose words these are: "For that which the LXX and Aquila and Theodotion have interpreted, 'Perdit cor [Greek text omitted],' i.e., of his strength or vigor, Symmachus says, 'Perdit cor matthana,' that is, a gift, connecting both the Hebrew word and its interpretation, and making that sense which is written elsewhere, 'Gifts also blind the eyes of the wise.'" In the notes of the Roman edition it is said that some books have [Greek text omitted] instead of [Greek text omitted], which reading truly fits much better to the version of Jerome, of his strength or vigor. The edited works of Jerome, however, have [Greek text omitted]. V. 9. S., Better etc. Edit. Roman and Drusius. Ibid. The same. V. 10. S., than the words of etc. The same. Ibid. S., anger. Edit. Rom. V. 11. A., Why etc. The same. Ibid. The same. V. 13. S., protects wisdom etc. The same. Jerome on Ecclesiastes: "Symmachus after his custom also in this place has interpreted more manifesty: 'As wisdom protects, in like manner money protects.'" V. 14. S., learn the works of God etc. This reading is brought forth by Jerome, whose Greek we do not have. V. 15. S., in the day etc. Of these loci of Symmachus...

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER VIII

HEBREW VERSION 1. Who is like the wise, and who knows? 2, 3. And over the word of the oath of God do not be hasty.

VULGATE LATIN 1. Who is like the wise, and who knows? 2, 3. And the precepts of the oath of God. Do not be hasty.

AQUILA 1. Who knows the wise? 2, 3. And precepts of the oath of God. Do not be hasty.

^C SYMMACHUS. ^D

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER VIII.

Notes and various readings on Chapter VII of Ecclesiastes.

[original-script column: see facsimile]

4. For where the word of the king is, there is power. 5. He who keeps the commandment will experience no evil thing. 6. For every matter there is a time and judgment. For the evil of man is great upon him. 7. For he does not know. For how shall anyone tell him? 8. Nor is there a discharge in the war. His patrons. 9. A time when man dominates over man to his own hurt. 10. And they arrived, and walked from the holy place. Because they had acted thus. 11. Because sentence is not executed. Therefore the heart of the sons of men is full in them to do evil. 12. Because the sinner does evil a hundred times, and prolongs his life. For I also know that it will be well with those who fear God, who will fear before Him.

4. And his word is full of power. 5. He who keeps the commandment will experience no evil. 6. For every matter there is time and opportunity. And much is the affliction of man. 7. For he does not know. And what is to come, no messenger can tell. 8. Nor is one suffered to rest in a pressing war. The wicked. (AQUILA: They were bold). 9. Sometimes man dominates man to his own hurt. 10. While he was yet living, they were in the holy place. Like the works of the righteous. 11. Because sentence against the evil is not brought forth speedily. Without any fear, the sons of men perpetrate evils. 12. Yet the sinner out of this, because he does evil a hundred times, and is sustained by patience. I have known that it shall be well with those who fear God, who fear His face.

^A

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER VIII

SYMMACUS. 4. Because the word of a king possesses authority. 5. He who shall observe a commandment will not experience an evil thing. 6. That for every matter there is a time and judgment. For the affliction of man is great against him. 7. For who shall announce to him the things that will be? 8. Neither is it possible to engage in battle. Having it. 9. There is a time when man has used authority over man for his own evil. 10. And when they were returning in a holy place. As having done things that are just. 11. Because there is not a coming to pass of the decree. With a fearless heart the sons of men do evil. 12. For the evildoer died, long-suffering having been granted to him. ^B

LXX INTERPRETERS. 4. As a king having power. 5. He who follows a commandment will not know an evil word. 6. That for every matter there is a time and judgment. That the knowledge of man is great upon him. That as it shall be, who shall announce it to him? 8. And there is no release in the day of battle. ^C Him who possesses it. 9. That all things which man has exercised over man, to afflict him. 10. Having been brought in, and from the holy place, and they departed. That they did so. 11. That there is no contradiction occurring. On account of this, the heart of the sons of men was fully assured in them to do evil. 12. He who sinned did evil from then, and from their long-suffering. That I also know that there is good for those who fear God, so that they may fear from before His face. ^D

THEODOTION. 4. 5. He who observes a commandment will not know an evil word. 6. That the knowledge of man is great upon him. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. The evildoer dead.

13. And it will not be good for the wicked, and he will not prolong his days. 14. And there is vanity which is done upon the earth. [original-script column: see facsimile] 15. Then I commended gladness. 16. When I applied my heart to know wisdom. 17. And I saw all the work of God that a man cannot find out the work that is done.

VERSIO HEBRAICI TEXT. 13. And it shall not be good for the wicked, nor shall his days be prolonged. 14. And there is other vanity that is taking place upon the earth. To whom evils happen, as if they had done the works of the impious; and there are impious who are so secure, as if they had the deeds of the just. Vanity. 15. And this alone he shall carry away with him. 16. And I applied. 17. Distention. And I understood that man cannot find the reason for all the works of God. Of those things which occur under the sun.

Notes and various readings for chapter VIII of Ecclesiastes. V. 1. A., "who knows the wise man?" So the Roman edition and Drusius. V. 2. S., "and to transgress" etc. The same. V. 4. S., "the word" etc. The same. V. 5. S., "whoever observes" etc. The Roman edition brings forward the last part only in Greek: however, Jerome provides the full passage of Symmachus in Latin. V. 6. S., "for every matter" etc. So Drusius. The Roman edition, however, renders the end of this passage from Symmachus quite differently, namely: "the time of necessity and the manner," which does not seem to agree with the Hebrew. Ibid. S., "for the misery" etc. The Roman edition and Drusius. O and Th., "knowledge and cognition." Jerome gives the reason for this variation: the Hebrew text has "malice," not "knowledge"; but because the Hebrew letters RESH and DALETH are similar except for a small apex, for RAATH (malice) they read DAATH (knowledge). That is, for "malice," they read "knowledge." He who has knowledge of that language will know this better. V. 7. S., "that he does not know." The Roman edition and Drusius, as also the following. V. 10. S., "as those who do right." The Hebrew has ḲÉN. Where that KAPH seems to signify "right," Symmachus seems to have interpreted it.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER IX. 1. For all this I gave into my heart, and to clarify all this: that the just and the wise and their works are in the hand of God.

VERSIO HEBRAICI TEXT. 1. For all this I have pondered in my heart, so that I might curiously understand: that the just and the wise and their works are in the hand of God.

SYMMACUS. 13... 14. ...difficult... To whom it happens according to the works of the impious. And there are law-breakers, to whom it happens as if they had acted according to the works of the just. Difficult. 15. Not only will he attach himself to it. 16. Therefore I have ordained. Occupying. 17. And I perceived that of the works of God man cannot find out. Not even one work being done. ^A

THEODOTION. 13. And there shall be no good for the impious, and he shall not prolong his days. 14. There is vanity which is made upon the earth. Because it reaches upon them as the deed of the impious. And there are impious ones, because it reaches to them as the deed of the just. Vanity. 15. And it also shall be joined to him. 16. In which I gave. Distraction. 17. And I saw all the deeds of God, that man ^B shall not be able to find it. With the deed which has been wrought.

SYMMACUS. 13. But no good shall there be for the wicked, nor shall he survive for long, because he did not fear before the face of the Lord. 14. Difficult is it to know what happens upon the earth. To whom it happens according to the works of the impious. And there are iniquitous ones, to whom it happens as if they had done according to the works of the just. Difficult. 15. Not ^C only will it cleave to him. 16. Therefore I ordained. Occupation. 17. And I learned that no work of God can man find. Neither one work done.

LXX INTERPRETERS. 13. And there shall be no good for the impious, and he shall not prolong his days. 14. There is vanity which is done upon the earth. Because it comes upon them as the deed of the impious. And there are impious ones, what reaches to them is as the deed of the just. Vanity. 15. And it itself ^D shall be present with him. 16. In which I gave. Distraction. 17. And I saw all the works of God, that man cannot find it. The work which has been done.

Notes and various readings to chapter VIII of Ecclesiastes. V. 11. S., for the etc. Drusius and the Roman edition. V. 12 and 13. From the Roman edition. Jerome in Ecclesiasten: "Symmachus translated this passage thus: The sinning wicked man is dead, with longevity (or long-suffering) granted to him. Furthermore, I know that it will be well for those fearing God, who feared before his face. But good will not be for the iniquitous, nor will he survive for a long time, because he did not fear before the face of God." And because it is manifest what he translated, this must be said: that the Hebrew word MAATH, which the LXX translated from that time, and which we have set down a hundred times, Aquila and Symmachus and Theodotion have translated as "dead." V. 14. S., difficult. Roman edition and Drusius, as below. Jerome brings forth the passage of Symmachus thus: "It is difficult to know what occurs upon the earth." Ibid. S., to whom it happens, etc. Likewise. Ibid. S., and there are law-breakers. Likewise. Ibid. S., difficult. Roman edition. V. 15. S., not only, etc. From Drusius and the Roman edition, as also the following readings of this chapter. V. 17. O', with the deed, etc. That, without doubt, proceeded from Aquila, as often happens, in the edition of O' to Ecclesiastes. [It denotes the accusative case. Cf. what we have noted above, at III, 11.]

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER IX

SYMMACUS. 1. ...

THEODOTION. 1. Because all this I gave into my heart, and my heart saw all this, that the just and the wise and their works are in the hand of God.

SYMMACUS. 1. All these things I thus set in my heart, that I might winnow all things: because both the just and the wise and their works are in the hand of God.

LXX INTERPRETERS. 1. For all this I gave into my heart; and my heart saw all this: how the just and the wise and their operations are in the hand of God.

[original-script column: see facsimile]

HEBREW. 1. Also love, also hatred, man knows not: everything before them. 2. Everything as for all, an event for the just and for the impious. 3. In everything that is done: and also the heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness is in their hearts in their lives, and after this to the dead. 4. For whoever is chosen to all the living: for a living dog itself is better than a dead lion. 7. In joy. He wished. 8. Let it not be wanting. 9. See life. All the days of thy life of vanity. 10. All that you may find. 11. Not to the swift, the race, nor to the strong, the war, nor to the wise, bread. 12. Its time. Evil. 13. And it is great to me.

HEBREW in Greek letters. 2. 3. 4. 7. 8. 9. All the days of thy vanity. 10. 11. 12. To the evil. 13. ... from me.

AQUILA. 2. 3. Error. 4. 7. 8. 9. All the days of the vapor. 10. 11. 12. 13. ... from me.

LATIN VERSION OF THE HEBRAIC TEXT. Also love, also hatred, man knowing not: all things before their faces. 2. All things as to all, an event one for the just and the impious. 3. In all that is done. And also the heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness in their heart in their lives. And after this to the dead. 4. For whoever is chosen among all the living. For a living dog is itself better than a dead lion. 7. In joy. He wished. 8. May it not fail. 9. See life. In all the days of the vanity of thy life. 10. All that you may find. 11. Not for the swift the race. Nor for the strong the war. Not for the wise the bread. It will happen. 12. Its time. Evil. 13. And it is great itself to me.

LATIN VULGATE. And yet man does not know whether he is worthy of love or hatred: but all things in the future are kept uncertain. 2. Because all things equally happen to the just and the impious. 3. Among all things which are done under the sun. Whence also the hearts of the sons of men are filled with malice, and contempt in their life. And after these things they are led to the underworld. 4. There is no one who always lives. A living dog is better than a dead lion. 7. With joy. They are pleasing. 8. Let it not fail. 9. Enjoy life. In all the days of thy life of instability. 10. Whatever you are able to do. 11. Nor is it for the swift to run. Nor for the strong the war. Nor for the wise bread. And chance. 12. Its end. Evil. 13. And I proved the greatest.

AQUILA. 2. 3. Error. 4. 7. 8. 9. All the days of thy vapor. 10. 11. 12. Evil. 13. ... among me.

SYMMACHUS

As to this, man does not know love or hatred, all things are uncertain before him. 2. ... 3. To all that happen to them. ... perversity ... The last things are towards the dead. 4. For who shall persist forever living? A living dog is better than a dead lion. 7. With cheerfulness. He examined (or: he sought). 8. Let it not fail. 9. Enjoy life. 10. As much as is possible. 11. To finish the race. To prevail in war. To provide food. It shall happen. 12. Its opportunity. 13. And it seems to me to be great.

THEODOTION

And also love and also hatred, man does not know, all things are before their face. 2. Vanity in all things, an event one to the righteous and to the ungodly. 3. In everything that is done. And the heart of the sons of man was filled with evil, and a rotation in their heart, in their life. And after them towards the dead. 4. Who is it that shares with all the living? For the living dog is better than the dead lion. 7. He was pleased. 8. Let it not fall short. 9. See life. All the days of the life of your vanity. 10. As much as he might find. 11. Not to the swift is the race. Not to the powerful is the war. Not to the wise is bread. It shall happen. 12. Its time. 13. And great is it to me.

LXX INTERPRETERS

And truly, man is not one knowing love and hatred, all things [are] before their face. 2. Vanity in all things: an event to the righteous and to the impious. 3. In everything that is done. And true, the heart of the sons of man is filled with evil, and [there is] a wandering in their heart, in their life. And after these to the dead. 4. Who is it that shall share with all the living? For a living dog he is better than a dead lion. 7. They were pleased. 8. Do not let it fall short. 9. See life. [In] all the days of the life of your vanity. 10. Whatever he might find. 11. Not to the swift is the race. Nor to the powerful is the battle. Not to the wise is bread. It shall occur. 12. His time. Evil. 13. And it is great before me.

SURVIVALS OF THE HEXAPLA

THE HEBREW. 14. [Hebrew text] 16. [Hebrew text] 17. [Hebrew text] [Hebrew text] 18. [Hebrew text] [Hebrew text]

HEBREW TEXT VERSION. 14. Munitions: 16. It is despised. 17. With lenity. Than the shouting of a ruler among the foolish. 18. For the vessels of conflict. Much good.

THE HEBREW In Greek characters. 14. [Hebrew transliterated] 16. [Hebrew transliterated] 17. [Hebrew transliterated] 18. [Hebrew transliterated] [Hebrew transliterated]

VULGATE LATIN. 14. Munitions. 16. It is despised. 17. In silence. More than the shouting of a prince among the foolish. 18. Than weapons of war. Many good things.

AQUILA. 14. 16. 17. 18. Warlike vessels.

AQUILA. 14. 16. 17. 18. Warlike vessels.

Notes and various readings for Chapter IX of Ecclesiastes. V. 1. S. all these things, etc. From Jerome, who brings these forward subsequently from Symmachus: "All these I set in my heart to winnow all things: because both the just and the wise, and their works are in the hand of God. And moreover, man knows neither friendships nor enmities; but all things before them are uncertain: because similar events happen to all, to the just and the unjust." Ibid. προς τε [with respect to, etc.]. These come from the Roman edition and from two Royal manuscripts, which attribute them to Olympiodorus.

V. 3. πασι τοις [to all, etc.]. Roman edition and Drusius. Ibid. Jerome brings forward the full passage of Symmachus thus: "But also the heart of the sons of men is filled with malice and wantonness according to their heart in their life. And their final things come to the dead. For who can persevere living forever?" Ibid. A., error. S., arrogance. O', circumference. All the Greek versions are placed correctly in the Roman edition, from which these were copied: although...

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER X

THE HEBREW. 1. [Hebrew text] [Hebrew text] 3. [Hebrew text] [Hebrew text] 4. [Hebrew text] [Hebrew text] [Hebrew text] 5. [Hebrew text] [Hebrew text]

THE HEBREW In Greek characters. 1. [Hebrew transliterated] 3. [Hebrew transliterated] 4. [Hebrew transliterated] 5. [Hebrew transliterated]

AQUILA. 1. Ointments. 3. 4. 5. As if involuntary it went forth from the face of the one in power.

HEBREW TEXT VERSION. 1. Dead flies cause the perfumer's ointment to evaporate. 3. But also in the way, the fool walking, his heart failing, and he says to all, he himself is a fool. 4. If the spirit of the ruler should rise up over you, do not leave your place, because healing will make great sins cease. 5. It is evil. As an error which goes forth from the face of the ruler.

VULGATE LATIN. 1. Dying flies spoil the sweetness of the ointment. 3. But also in the way, the fool walking, though he himself is unwise, he estimates all men as fools. 4. If the spirit of one having power should rise up against you, do not leave your place: for healing will make great sins cease. 5. It is evil. As if by an error going forth from the face of a prince.

AQUILA. 1. Of ointment. 3. 4. 5. As if not spontaneous it went forth from the face of the one having power.

SYMMACUS. 14. A wall. 16. Was despised. 17. 17. In quiet. Another, with gentleness. Above the clamor of those who have power in stultifications. Another, rather than the clamor of one ruling among the senseless. 18. Above the vessels of war. Much good.

LXX INTERPRETER. 14. A rampart. 16. Accounted as nothing. 17. 17. In quiet. Another, with gentleness. Above the clamor of those who have power in stultifications. Another, rather than the clamor of one ruling among the senseless. 18. Above the vessels of war. Much goodness.

THEODOTION. 14. 16. 17. 18.

Notes and various readings on Chapter IX of Ecclesiastes. It is certain that with Symmachus [the text] was not in the nominative but in an oblique case, such as the genitive: for the Latin interpretation of this passage according to Symmachus stands thus from Jerome: *But also the heart of the sons of men is filled with malice and procacity according to their heart in their life*, which Latin [words] seem to flow from these Greek [words]. But he who compared the version of the prior Aquila and Symmachus with the interpretation of the Seventy, placed all things in the nominative, so that they might square with that word. Which is commonly observed in this work. Ibid. S[ymmachus], *the last things* etc. From the Roman edition and Drusius. V. 4. S[ymmachus], *with a living dog* etc. Roman edition and Drusius, as also the following readings of this chapter.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER X

SYMMACUS. 1. Death of flies will putrefy ointment sweet-smelling of the perfumer. 3. But and in the way when a fool walks, he himself being senseless suspects concerning all that they are fools. 4. If the spirit of a prince shall come upon thee, from thy place do not depart, because temperance will appease many sins. 5. It is evil. In ignorance going forth from the face of the one having power.

LXX INTERPRETERS. 1. Dying flies will putrefy the composition of an oil of sweetness. 3. Even in the way as a fool walks, his heart will fail, and what things he shall think on, all are folly. 4. If the spirit of the one having power shall ascend upon thee, thy place do not leave, because a remedy will appease great sins. 5. It is malice. As not spontaneous it went forth from the face of the one having power.

THEODOTION. 1. 3. 4. ... because a remedy will appease great sins. 5. As not spontaneous it went forth from the face of the one having power.

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6. Data est stultitia in sublimitatibus multis. Et divites in humilitate sedebunt. 8. Foveam. 9. Proficisci faciens lapides dolore afficietur. 10. Et præstantia rectificandi sapientia. 11. In non susurro. 13. Insania. 14. Et stultus multiplicabit verba. Quid quod erit, et quod erit post se. 15. Stultorum laborare faciet cum. Qui nescit pergere ad civitatem. 16. Væ tibi terra. 17. In fortitudine. 19. Et argentum respondebit omnibus. 20. Ne vilipendas. Et præditus alis.

6. Positum stultum in dignitate sublimi. Et divites sedere deorsum. 8. Foveam. 9. Qui transfert lapides affligetur. 10. Et post industriam sequetur sapientia. 11. In silentio. 13. Error. 14. Stultus verba multiplicat. Quid ante se fuerit, et quid post se futurum sit. 15. Labor stultorum affliget. Qui nesciunt in urbem pergere. 16. Væ tibi terræ. 17. Ad reficiendum. 19. Et pecuniæ obediunt omnia. 20. Ne maledixeris. Et qui habet pennas.

6. Dedit stultum in sublimitatibus magnis. 8. 9. Qui transponit lapides convelletur. 10. 11. Cum absit incantatio. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 19. 20. Et alata.

Notes and various readings on Chapter X of Ecclesiastes

V. 1. Σ., "death of flies" etc. Thus the Roman edition and Drusius, who cite this place as if it were a scholion. But I do not doubt it belongs to Symmachus. See above chapter 7. V. 2. In the same place, Regius, one of those from Olympiodorus, notes these things. V. 3. S. "But also in the way" etc. Jerome reports these in Latin; the Greek text is missing (*). V. 4. Σ., "if a spirit" etc. From the Rom. edit. and Drusius. Jerome on this place: "Symmachus translated the Hebrew word MARPHE, which everyone translated as 'health' or 'cure,' in accordance with the sense, and says: 'If the spirit of the ruler rises against you, do not depart from your place, because chastity suppresses great sins.'" V. 5. "It is an evil." Rom. edit. and Drusius. Ibid. 'A., Θ., "as involuntary" etc. Jerome: "Aquila and Theodotion and the LXX interpreted as if not spontaneous, that is, *hōs akousion* (as involuntary), from the face of the ruler." V. 6. 'A., "He gave the fool" etc. Roman edition and Drusius. But Jerome: "Cui subnectens..." (*) Montfaucon published the Greek place of Symmachus as mutilated, *hē hupolambanetai*; but the Rom. edition and Drusius, from whom it proceeds, have *hē hupolambanei*. Moreover, it signifies that what is suspected is the Latin version of Jerome. Drach.

SYMMACUS. 6 .... 8 9 Those lifting stones shall be harmed. 10 He who is agile excels in wisdom. 11 Without a charmer. 13 Tumult. 14 And a senseless man will speak much. What things have happened, but not even what things shall happen. 15 For he does not know how to go to the city. 16 Woe to thee, O land. 17 With valor. 19 But silver will be useful for all things. 20 Do not speak evil.

LXX INTERPRETERS. 6 The foolish was placed in great height. And the rich shall sit in a lowly place. 8 A pit. 9 He who pulls away stones shall be harmed. 10 And wisdom is an advantage to the man. 11 In a whisper. 13 Circulation. 14 And the foolish man multiplies words. What is that which has happened, and what is that which shall happen? 15 It shall wear out the foolish. Other, it shall weary the foolish. The man who has not known to go to the city. 16 Woe to thee, O city. 17 In power. 19 And silver shall listen to all things. 20 Do not curse. And he who has wings.

THEODOTION. 6 8 A pit. 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 19 20

Notes and various readings on Chapter X of Ecclesiastes

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REMAINING FRAGMENTS OF THE HEXAPLA. ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER XI

3. They shall empty. A tree. It shall be there. 5. As thou knowest not what is the way of the wind. 6. In the morning. And in the evening do not let thy hand rest. It shall be right. 8. Because if a man shall have lived many years, and in all these shall have been glad, and shall remember the days of darkness, because they shall be many, whatever happens is vanity.

9. And let it be good for thee.

Notes and various readings for chap. XI of Ecclesiastes. V. 3. Aq., they shall empty. Drusius and the Roman edition. Ibid. Symm., trees. The same. Ibid. Symm., it shall be. The same. V. 5. Aq., in which thou dost not know, etc. The same. V. 6. The same. Ibid. Symm., but also, etc. The same.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER XII

1. Until the days of evil come. 2. Until. 3. And robust men shall swerve. And the grinders shall cease. Those looking through the windows. 4. In the lowliness of the voice.

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1. Before the time of affliction comes. 2. Until. 3. And the most robust men shall totter. And the grinders shall be idle. Those looking through the openings. 4. In the lowliness of the voice.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER XI

SYMMACUS. 3. Trees. There they shall be prepared. 5. I do not know which way the wind will come. 6. Morning. But also evening, and let not your hand cease. It shall find it. 8. …and he shall rejoice through all things… 9. And let it be with good.

THE SEVENTY (LXX). 3. They shall pour out. Wood. There it shall be. 5. In whom there is no knowledge of what the way of the spirit is. 6. In the morning. And in the evening do not let your hand go. It shall proceed rightly. 8. For even if a man should live many years, he shall rejoice in all of them, and he shall remember the days of darkness, for they shall be many. All that is coming is vanity. 9. And do good.

THEODOTION. 3. 5. 6. 8.

ECCLESIASTES CHAPTER XII

SYMMACUS. 1. Before the days of your affliction come. 2. Before. 3. And the most robust men shall be corrupted. And the mills shall be idle. The visions through the holes. 4. With the voice rendered useless.

THE SEVENTY (LXX). 1. Until the days of wickedness do not come. 2. Until when not. 3. And the men of power shall be twisted. And the grinding women shall be idle. Those looking in the holes. 4. In the weakness of the voice.

THEODOTION. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Notes and Various Readings on Chapter XI of Ecclesiastes

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[index: entries preserved]

HEBREW TEXT. And all the daughters of song shall be brought low. 5. Also they shall be afraid of the high place, and terrors shall be in the way: and the almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets. 6. Or ever the silver cord be loosed. And the golden bowl be broken. 8. Vanity of vanities. 9. And more. And [he] sought [and] searched. 10. The request [of that which is] profitable. And the writing of uprightness. 11. Planted. Authors of collections. 12. Be admonished. 13. For this is the whole [of] man. 14. For every work. Upon every hidden thing, whether good, or evil.

VULGATE LATIN. And all the daughters of song shall grow deaf. 5. Also they shall be afraid of high things, and they shall fear in the way, the almond tree shall flourish, the locust shall be made fat, and the caper shall be dissipated: because man shall go into the house of his eternity, and the mourners shall go about the street. 6. Before the silver cord be broken. And the golden fillet return, and be broken. 8. Vanity of vanities. 9. And more. And the ear shall search. 10. Useful things. And he wrote most upright discourses. 11. Fixed. By the counsel of masters. 12. Seek not. 13. For this is the whole man. 14. And all things that are done, For every error, whether it be good or evil.

AQUILA. And all things that belong to song shall lie down. 5. ... they shall tremble with trembling in the way ... 8. Vapor of vapors. 9. He perceived and searched. 10. Of utility. And he wrote uprightly. 11. Planted. 14. For every action.

SYMMACUS. 5. Moreover, concerning these, they shall look from on high, and there shall be terror in the way, and the watchers shall fall asleep, and the strength of spirit shall be dissolved: for man shall go to his everlasting home, and the mourners shall go about in the street. 6. And before the silver cord is severed. And the golden girdle shall be drawn out, and be crushed. 8. 9. Excellent. 10. The Preacher prepared it. Useful things. 11. 12. 13. 14. Concerning everything overlooked, whether it be good, or whether it be evil.

THEODOTION.

Notes and various readings on Chapter XII of Ecclesiastes.

V. 1. S., before it comes, etc. The Roman edition and Drusius. V. 2. S., before. The same. V. 4. S., perish, etc. From the Roman edition and from Jerome, who says that Symmachus translated *the strong*, and Aquila, *they shall wander*. Ibid. S., and shall cease. The Roman edition and Drusius. Ibid. S., or the visions. The same. V. 4. S., being useless, etc. The same, as also the following reading. V. 6. S., over these, etc. Thus Jerome reports the version of Symmachus in Latin. The Greek is missing, except for these words which do not harmonize with the Latin of Jerome. Here also Jerome testifies that Symmachus deviates from the Hebrew, and adds that Apollinaris of Laodicea followed him.

V. 6. S., and the silver, etc. Drusius and the Roman edition. Ibid. S., and... etc. The same. Ibid. A., its knot [or "he was united"], etc. The same.

MONITION ON THE SONG OF SONGS

We have used these manuscripts and printed books in collecting and amending the various readings of the Hexapla: The Royal Codex 1890, a parchment of the 10th century. The Royal Codex 1990, a parchment of the 10th century: it belongs to Procopius, and was formerly the property of the Archbishop of Rheims, Charles Maurice Le Tellier.

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THE SONG OF SONGS CHAPTER ONE

4. Draw me. He brought me. We will exult. The upright have loved thee. 5. Black. And beautiful. As tent-curtains. 6. They have burned against me. They have made me a keeper of the vineyards. 7. As one covering herself. 8. Go forth for thyself in the footsteps of the herds. By the shepherds' tabernacles.

4. Draw me. He brought me. We will exult. The upright love thee. 5. Black. But beautiful. As skins. 6. For it has discolored me. They have fought against me. They have made me a keeper in the vineyards. 8. Go forth and depart after the footsteps of the flocks. By the shepherds' tabernacles.

4. Draw me. 5. As tabernacles. 6. For it has scorched me. 8. Go forth for thyself...