TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME
ST. GREGORY THE THEOLOGIAN, ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE.
GENERAL PREFACE. 9 PART ONE. 9 § I. — On the various editions of the works of St. Gregory. 9 § II. — Our efforts in preparing this edition of the works of Gregory are set forth. 23 § III. — Notice of the ancient manuscripts according to which we have emended Gregory's orations. 26 PART TWO. — Gregorian defense. 34 § I. — Defense of Gregory against Tollius. 34 § II. — Gregory's perpetual virginity is asserted against Beveridge and Muratori. 46 § III. — On the monastic life which Gregory professed. 54 § IV. — Inquiry is made as to the church of which Gregory, commonly called Nazianzen, should be considered and called bishop. 66 § V. — On Amphilochius, both father and son, bishop of Iconium, and on Gregory’s entire maternal kinship, to which Amphilochius is shown to belong. 82 PART THREE. — On various headings of Gregorian doctrine. 91 On God. 94 On the Trinity. 97 On the Father. 101 On the Son. 102 On the Holy Spirit. 103 On the Incarnation. 107 On the angels. 109 On the soul, its immortality and origin. 110 Original sin. 111 On baptism and confirmation. 112 On the eucharist. 115 On penance. 118 On the sacrament of orders. 119 On the sacrament of matrimony. 122 On grace. 124 On faith. 130 On the reading of pagan books. 131 On temporal and ecclesiastical power. 132 On the hierarchy and celibacy of presbyters. 133 On ecclesiastical causes. 134 On virgins and monks. 136 Observations concerning Church discipline from the writings of Gregory. 138 Concerning rules of conduct. 141 LIFE OF ST. GREGORY adorned chiefly from his own writings. 147 I. — Gregory's fatherland: whether Nazianzum or Arianzus. 147 II. — The poor opinion held by the ancients regarding the inhabitants of Cappadocia. 148 III. — Gregory’s parents. 150 IV. — The heresy of the Hypsistarians. 150 V. — The character of Gregory's father. 151 VI, VII. — Gregory the father receives baptism from the Nazianzen bishop. Driven to flee his homeland by an angry mother. 151 VIII. — He is created bishop. 152 IX. — Nonna, mother of Gregory, came from a holy root. 152 X. — In what year Gregory was born. 153 XI-XIII. — Bollandus’s opinion regarding the year in which Gregory was born. How many years Gregory applied himself to eloquence at Athens. The opinion of Bollandus is refuted. 153 XIV. — Gregory returned from Athens under age. 155 XV. — Objections of Bollandus. 156 XVI. — There is a very grave difficulty in Tillemont’s opinion. 157 XVII. — The inconveniences of the contrary opinion. 157 XVIII. — Baronius’s opinion. 158 XIX. — Every opinion labors under its own difficulties. He is urged by lesser arguments who holds that Gregory was born with a Christian father, but one who was not yet a bishop. 159 XX. — Another interpretation of Gregory the father's words from the *Memor. Trev.* 1707. 159 XXI. — The mark of falsehood should not be branded upon Gregory’s words. 160 XXII. — Gregory was born when his father was not yet a bishop. 160 XXIII. — Gregory is born. Early education in the paternal home. 161 XXIV. — Ardor for maintaining modesty. 161 XXV. — A nightly vision by which he is kindled with a love of chastity. 162 XXVI. — He seeks the company of pious men. 162 XXVII. — Gregory’s studies are carried beyond the threshold. 162 XXVIII. — He sets out for Caesarea in Cappadocia. 163 XXIX. — In Cappadocia, Gregory first joined in friendship with Basil. 163 XXX. — Caesarea of Cappadocia was famous for letters. 164 XXXI. — He betakes himself to Palestine for the love of letters. 165 XXXII. — He seeks Alexandria. 165 XXXIII, XXXIV. — He sails to Athens and is tossed by a violent storm. The validity of baptism conferred by laymen is not sufficiently known to the Greeks. 165 XXXV, XXXVI. — Gregory promises that he will live for God if he escapes safe. He acknowledges that he was saved by the prayers of his parents. 166 XXXVII. — He arrives at Athens around the year 350. 167 XXXVIII-XL. — Gregory withdraws Basil from a foolish rite. He brings aid against the Armenians. A very close intimacy between Basil and Gregory. 168 XLI, XLII. — Friendship grows between Gregory and Basil. One soul appeared to be in both. One study for both was virtue. 168
A XLIII, XLV. — Constant in sacred houses, they desire both to be and to be called Christians. Athens, pestiferous to others, harms them not, but confirms them in the faith. 169 XLVI. — The teachers he used in Athens. 170 XLVII. — Gregory’s augury concerning Julian. 170 XLVIII. — He meditates on returning to his homeland. 170 XLIX. — Together with his brother Caesarius, he returns to his parents. 171 L, LI. — Requested by his parents and citizens, he spends some time in the world. Piety towards his parents keeps Gregory at home, and there he conducts a monastic life. 171 LII. — He had also bound himself by a vow to embrace the monastic life. 172 LIII. — He receives baptism. Exactly when is not certain. 173 LIV. — He imposes upon himself the law of never swearing, and keeps it. 173 LV. — Not only in affection, but in reality does Gregory strip himself. 174 LVI, LVII. — He renounced everything, even his books, to Christ. Some things are vain, other eloquence is useful, the handmaid of the Word. Gregory desires this for himself and his friends. He desires to embrace this alone, by which he is most delighted. 174 LVIII. — Gregory did not fail the faith pledged to God: how did he fail the one pledged to Basil? 175 LIX. — It is credible that Gregory also led a solitary life in Tiberina, where Arianzum was situated. 175 LX-LXII. — It seemed that Gregory was nothing less in his father's house than what he truly was. The care of household affairs causes trouble for Gregory. He invites Basil to come to him, so that all things may be held in common. 176 LXIII. — Basil, having built a monastery, tries to attract Gregory. 177 LXIV. — He betakes himself to solitude with Basil: both lead an ascetic life. The austerity of life, the lack of things, the labor of hands, etc. 177 LXV. — Gregory applies himself to the study of sacred letters, and is wonderfully delighted by that study. 178 LXVI. — The Philocalia and the monastic rules are the fruits of the studies of Basil and Gregory. 178 LXVII. — Gregory becomes master of his vow, walking a middle path between the anchorites and the cenobites. 179 LXVIII. — Piety towards his parents recalls Gregory from the delights of the desert to his father's house. 179 LXIX. — Basil tries to recall Gregory. 179 LXX, LXXI. — He is created a presbyter and flees into Pontus. He returns for the feast of Easter, and delivers his first oration. Afterwards, in a longer one, he rendered an account of his flight and return. 180 LXXII. — Twice was Gregory dragged from solitude. 180 LXXIII-LXXV. — The Arians stir up mobs. The fraud of the Arians. They drive many into deceit. 181 LXXVI. — After the middle of the year 362, the father of the Theologian subscribed to the formula of Rimini. 182 LXXVII, LXXVIII. — The schism of the monks on account of the subscription of Gregory the father did not happen under Constantius. This discord was brief. 182 LXXIX. — Near the end of Julian’s reign, he subscribed to an impious formula, but kept his heart unharmed. 184 LXXX. — The Theologian speaks as if he himself were the guilty one, which must be attributed to his piety towards his father. 184 LXXXI. — Gregory’s excellent sentiment on this matter. 185 LXXXII. — Gregory endeavors to heal the discord arising in the Church of Caesarea, and works on orations against Julian. 185 LXXXIII. — Gregory is invited by Eusebius to a spiritual assembly or to a feast day. 187 LXXXIV. — Gregory composes peace between Eusebius and Basil. 187 LXXXV. — The age and illnesses of his parents do not allow Gregory to be away. 188 LXXXVI. — The death of his brother Caesarius brings huge pain to Gregory; and after his passing he is overwhelmed by most troublesome affairs. 189 LXXXVII. — Gregory reproves Basil for providing for the election of the bishop of Caesarea with too little caution. 189
B LXXXVIII, LXXXIX. — Both Gregorys labor that Basil may be placed in charge of the Church of Caesarea. Nothing is omitted by them so that the matter might proceed prosperously. 190 XC. — They summon Eusebius of Samosata from the East. 191 XCI. — Basil is elected bishop of Caesarea through the labor of both Gregorys. 191 XCII. — Gregory was neither present at the election of Basil, nor did he visit him after the election; to Basil, complaining that he was neglected, he replied. 192 XCIII. — Concerning Valens, who was making an attack against the Nazianzene Church; together with his father, he carries off the victory. 193 XCIV. — Gregory is an ally to Basil, who is struggling against the same Valens. 193 XCV. — In other battles of Basil, Gregory plays his part. 194 XCVI. — He offers his services to Basil against Anthimus of Tyana. 196 XCVII. — Gregory comes to Caesarea, adds himself as an ally to Basil, and takes part in the fight near Sasima against Anthimus. 196 XCVIII. — Gregory is consecrated bishop of Sasima at Nazianzus, not at Caesarea, in the year 372. 197 XCIX. — He is visited by Gregory of Nyssa, whom Basil sent. 197 C. — The complaints of Basil against Gregory, and of Gregory against Basil. 198 CI, CII. — Gregory complains that fraud was done to him. Basil is blamed by many. 198 CIII. — Gregory, recalled from solitude by his father, at the urging of Basil, delivers an oration before both. 200 CIV. — In his oration, Gregory professes himself changed. Anthimus tries in vain to draw Gregory to his side. 200 CV. — Gregory repels new complaints of Basil with other complaints. 201 CVI. — Having abandoned Sasima, Gregory returns to solitude. 202 CVII. — The description of Sasima. 202 CVIII. — Gregory assumes the governance of the Nazianzene Church, by command of his father, on the condition that after his death he be free to depart where he wishes. 203 CIX. — Gregory defends Basil, accused by a certain monk of not calling the Holy Spirit God. 203 CX, CXI. — Gregory signifies to Basil the controversy undertaken on his account, asking that he himself teach how far it is permitted to use an economy, so that he might be able to repel those who contradict. Basil receives Gregory’s letter in a worse light. 204 CXII. — Gregory writes to Basil that he is unjustly offended by his letters. 205 CXIII. — Who that enemy is, against whom Basil asks Gregory to come and bring help. 205 CXIV. — That enemy, not Valens. 206 CXV. — Eustathius of Sebaste is to be understood as being hostile to Basil. 206 CXVI. — It is certain that Gregory was a bishop at that time. 207 CXVII. — In letter 26 of Gregory, mention is made of oration 12, from which it is certain that the letter was written after the oration. 208 CXVIII. — Death of Gregory the elder and Nonna his spouse. 208 CXIX. — Bereft of his parents, he betakes himself to Seleucia. 209 CXX. — With the death of Basil, a heap is added to Gregory’s calamities. 210 CXXI. — Gregory sets out for Constantinople, summoned by the bishops of Thrace and the orthodox. 210 CXXII. — The status of the Constantinopolitan Church is deplored. 212 CXXIII. — The Arians are widely dominant in the city: they occupy temples: others turned into cemeteries. 212 CXXIV. — Various heresies were rampant in Constantinople besides the Arian. 213
CXXV. — With what arms of defense Gregory came, prepared to fight against the heretics. 213 CXXVI. — Received into hospitality by his kinsfolk. The house into which the orthodox gathered was a pious one. 213 CXXVII. — That small place, which was afterwards called Anastasia because of the restored faith. 214 CXXVIII. — Anastasia grows to such a degree that in a short time it surpasses all the churches of Constantinople in size and magnificence. In this new Bethlehem, Gregory combats and puts to flight all the heretics. 214 CXXIX. — Gregory defends the cause of the faith in an excellent manner. The times had need of such a defender. 215 CXXX, CXXXI. — In what manner Gregory treats divine matters. Gregory's method of disputing against heretics: he disputes with a calm soul and soothes with marvelous urbanity. He detracts nothing from the truth while disputing gently. 215 CXXXII. — All the Catholics, heretics, and infidels flock to his sermons. 216 CXXXIII. — Gregory not only confirms the dogmas of the faith and refutes errors, but also imparts precepts of morals. 216 CXXXIV, CXXXV. — As the orator's example accompanied his words, and the sanctity of his life accompanied his orations, he had wonderful fruits; he had hoped he would have these fruits, and God had perhaps shown them to him beforehand. 217 CXXXVI. — These fruits are to be attributed not to eloquence, which however was very great, but to the piety and patience of the orator. God sometimes grants such fruits to the prayers of one just man vexed by persecution. 217 CXXXVII. — Moved by the fame of Gregory, Jerome comes to Constantinople from Syria, that he may become his disciple. 218 CXXXVIII. — Occasion of dissension having arisen among the orthodox, the heretics seize a pretext to insult them, whom Gregory refutes. 219 CXXXIX. — Maximus the philosopher comes to Constantinople. Who and what sort of person Maximus was. He is received most kindly by Gregory, whom he so deceives with wiles and lies that Gregory delivered an oration in his praise. 219 CXL, CXLI. — Maximus attempts to oust Gregory from his see and usurp it for himself. When Maximus was completing his crime and set upon the work, he was caught and cast out of the city. 220 CXLII. — Struck with grief, Gregory consoles himself with the hope that he would obtain permission to depart. 221 CXLIII–CXLV. — Theodosius comes to Constantinople. He receives Gregory honorably; he drives out Demophilus; he restores the churches to the Catholics. Gregory enters the greater basilica together with Theodosius: the sky, which was previously overcast, clears at the entrance of Gregory into the temple. 221 CXLVI, CXLVII. — Although all petitioned that he should ascend the episcopal throne, he cannot be forced. Gregory is installed in the Constantinopolitan see. 222 CXLVIII. — With the highest consensus, Gregory is installed in the Constantinopolitan see, lacking the suffrage of almost no one. 222 CXLIX. — Sighing and crying out, yet not altogether resisting, Gregory is installed. 222 CL. — The Gregorian deeds in the city of Constantinople. 223 CLI. — Theodosius convokes a general council in the year 381. 225 CLII. — In that council, the ordination of Maximus is declared void. Maximus is cast out by the Church. The election of Gregory is confirmed. He presided over the council, at least after the death of Meletius. The death of Meletius. 225 CLIII–CLV. — Gregory was of the opinion that a successor should not be ordained for Meletius. But he persuaded them so little that he stirred up the hatred of almost everyone against himself. The faction of the younger bishops prevails, who drag even their elders into their own opinion, and Flavian, the Antiochene priest, is elected as successor to Meletius. The Eastern and Western bishops, for various reasons, do not oppose Gregory, who wishes to leave his see. 226 CLVI–CLVIII. — Gregory abdicates his bishopric. Gregory obtains the facility of departing from Theodosius more easily. Let no one read the final farewell, which Gregory spoke to his flock, suffused with tears in an oration before the bishops (now 42), without tears himself. 227 CLIX–CLX. — In the year 381, in the month of July, he left Constantinople. There were bishops who bore this with difficulty, and stopped their ears, and fled lest they should see another sitting on the throne of Gregory. 228 CLXI, CLXII. — Gregory makes his testament. Gregory returns to Nazianzus. 228 CLXIII. — He tries in vain to appoint a bishop for Nazianzus. 229 CLXIV. — He withdraws to Arianzum, and from there he betakes himself to Caesarea. 230 CLXV, CLXVI. — What he did in solitude. The calamities by which the Church was afflicted at that time. 230 CLXVII. — He carries on the care of the Church of Nazianzus. 232 CLXVIII. — Gregory frees his country from great danger. 233 CLXIX. — He takes care that Eulalius is appointed bishop of Nazianzus. 233 CLXX, CLXXI. — He writes to Nectarius against the Apollinarians. 234 CLXXII. — He is occupied with writing epistles and composing verses. 235 CLXXIII. — Gregory dies. 236 CLXXIV, CLXXV. — Of what bodily stature Gregory was. The feast day of Gregory. 236 CLXXVI. — How much esteem Gregory was held in by all. 237 CLXXVII, CLXXVIII. — Translation [of his body]. Another translation of the body of Gregory to Constantinople from Rome. 238 CLXXIX. — Translation of the body of Gregory performed by Pope Gregory XIII. 239 CLXXX. — The characters of the saints Basil and Gregory are outlined. 239 Monitum to the following Life. 241 Life of S. Gregory written in Greek by Gregory the Presbyter. 243 Select testimonies of the ancients and moderns in praise of S. Gregory. 305 Prefaces of Jacques Billi. 315 Preface of Joannes Leuvenklaius. 345 Proems of Fed. Morellus. 360 Preface of Montacutius. 367 Dedication epistle of Gilbert Genebrard. 369 Eulogy by Jacques Billi. 375 Similar matters collected from the works of Gregory. 387 ORATIONS OF S. GREGORY. Monitum to the first oration. 393 Oration 1. — On the holy Pascha and on the delay. 395 Monitum to Oration II. 401 Oration II. — Apologetic, in which he explains the causes for which, after the dignity of the priesthood was imposed upon him, he fled into Pontus, and again returned to Nazianzus, and what the profession of a priest is. 407 Monitum to Oration III. 515 Oration III. — To those who had summoned him, but had not met him. 518 Monitum to Orations IV and V. 525 Oration IV. — First Invective against the emperor Julian. 531 Oration V. — Second Invective against the emperor Julian. 665 Monitum to Oration VI. 719 Oration VI. — First on peace, concerning the reconciliation of the monks, after silence, in the presence of his father. 729 Monitum to Oration VII. 751 Oration VII. — Funeral [oration] in praise of his brother Caesarius, while his parents were still alive. 755 Monitum to Oration VIII. 787 Oration VIII. — Funeral [oration] in praise of his sister Gorgonia. 789 Monitum to Orations IX, X and XI. 817
ORDER OF THE MATTERS CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME
Oration IX. — Apologeticus to his father Gregory, in the presence of Basil the Great, when he was created bishop of Sasima. 894 Oration X. — On himself, to his father and Basil the Great, after his return from flight. 827 Oration XI. — To Gregory of Nyssa, brother of Basil the Great, who had arrived after his consecration. 831 Monitum to Oration XII. 841 Oration XII. — To his father, when he had committed to him the care of the Nazianzen Church. 843 Monitum to Oration XIII. 851 Oration XIII. — At the consecration of Eulalius, bishop of Doara. 852 Monitum to Oration XIV. 855 Oration XIV. — On the love of the poor. 858 Monitum to Oration XV. 911 Oration XV. — In praise of the Maccabees. 911 Monitum to Oration XVI. 933 Oration XVI. — To his father, who was silent because of the plague of hail. 934 Monitum to Oration XVII. 963 Oration XVII. — To the citizens of Nazianzus, struck by great fear, and the angry prefect. 963 Monitum to Oration XVIII. 981 Oration XVIII. — Funeral [oration] for his father, in the presence of Basil. 986 Monitum to Oration XIX. 1043 Oration XIX. — Concerning his own sermons, and to Julian, the tax assessor. 1044 Monitum to Oration XX. 1063 Oration XX. — On the dogma and constitution of bishops. 1066 Monitum to Oration XXI. 1081 Oration XXI. — In praise of the great Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria. 1082 Monitum to Orations XXII and XXIII. 1127 Oration XXII. — On peace II. 1131 Oration XXIII. — On peace III. 1151 Monitum to Oration XXIV. 1167 Oration XXIV. 1169 Monitum to Oration XXV. 1193 Oration XXV. — In praise of Heron the philosopher. 1198 Monitum to Oration XXVI. 1225 Oration XXVI. — On himself. 1227
THE END OF THE THIRTY-FIFTH VOLUME.